Critical evaluation of food intake and energy balance in young modern pentathlon athletes: a cross-sectional study.
Critical evaluation of food intake and energy balance in young modern pentathlon athletes: a cross-sectional study.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12970-016-0127-x
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Pierucci AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coutinho LA;Porto CP;Pierucci AP
现代五项包括五项运动：击剑、游泳、马术障碍以及手枪射击和跑步的综合项目。尽管这项运动的能量需求很高，但很少有研究为五项运动员的营养建议提供支持。本研究的目的是评估年轻的现代五项运动员的身体组成，生化特征，以及食物和补充剂的消耗。研究对象为56名年龄13.5±2.4岁的青年现代五项运动员，其中女生22名，男生34名，体重55.8±13.3 kg，身高1.6±0.1 m，体脂率21.1±3.1%。通过24小时召回法和食物频率问卷分析食物消费情况。通过检查人体测量测量（体重、身高和皮肤褶皱）并根据参与者的年龄和性成熟程度使用方案来评估身体成分。男性参与者消耗的能量低于美国饮食协会对运动员的一般建议（2749±1024 kcal vs. 3113±704 kcal, p < 0.01），而女性参与者消耗的能量高于这些建议（2558±808 kcal vs. 2213±4734 kcal, p < 0.01）。年轻男性和年轻女性都没有遵循运动员推荐的碳水化合物摄入量（分别为6.3±2.5 g/kg/天和6.6±2.2 g/kg/天）。脂质和蛋白质摄入量符合两性建议；然而，钙、水果和蔬菜的摄入量不足，以及经常食用烘焙食品和含糖软饮料。青少年现代五项运动员在碳水化合物和能量消耗方面表现出不适当的饮食习惯。许多参与者的微量营养素摄入量不足，尤其是钙。然而，未来的研究需要旨在阐明这项运动中良好身体表现的真正营养需求以及不适当的饮食习惯对表现的影响，特别是在处于生长阶段的年轻运动员中，暴露于高强度的体育锻炼常规。
Modern pentathlon comprises five sports: fencing, swimming, equestrian jumping, and a combined event of pistol shooting and running. Despite the expected high energy demand of this sport, there are few studies that provide support for the nutritional recommendations for pentathletes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate young modern pentathlon athletes with respect to body composition, biochemical profile, and consumption of food and supplements. Fifty-six young modern pentathletes aged 13.5 ± 2.4 years participated in the study: 22 adolescent girls and 34 adolescent boys, weight 55.8 ± 13.3 kg, height 1.6 ± 0.1 m, and body fat 21.1 ± 3.1 %. Food consumption was analyzed through a 24-h recall method and food-frequency questionnaire. Assessment of body composition was carried out by checking anthropometric measures (body mass, height, and skinfolds) and using protocols according to participants’ age and sexual maturity. Male participants consumed less energy than the general recommendations for athletes from the American Dietetic Association (2749 ± 1024 kcal vs. 3113 ± 704 kcal, p < 0.01), whereas female participants consumed more energy than those recommendations (2558 ± 808 kcal vs. 2213 ± 4734 kcal, p < 0.01). Neither young men nor young women followed the carbohydrate intake recommendations for athletes (6.3 ± 2.5 g/kg/day and 6.6 ± 2.2 g/kg/day, respectively). Lipid and protein intakes corresponded to recommendations for both sexes; however, insufficient intakes of calcium, fruits, and vegetables were seen, as well as frequent consumption of baked goods and sugared soft drinks. Adolescent modern pentathlon athletes presented inadequate eating habits with respect to consumption of carbohydrates and energy. Many participants had insufficient intake of micronutrients, especially calcium. However, future research is needed that is aimed at elucidating the real nutritional demands for good physical performance in this sport and the impact of inadequate eating habits on performance, especially among young athletes who are in the growth-stage years and are exposed to intense physical exercise routines.