GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN INFANT BREAST
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN INFANT BREAST
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DOI：
10.1002/aja.1001920408
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
GUSTERSON, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ANBAZHAGAN, R;BARTEK, J;GUSTERSON, BA
尸检时收集了 72 个婴儿乳房样本，年龄从新生儿到 2 岁。进行整体制备和组织学切片。设计了一个分类系统来研究导管系统的结构发育程度（形态类型 I、II 和 III）和衬里上皮的功能分化（功能阶段 I 至 V）。婴儿的年龄和导管系统的发育类型之间没有相关性。相反，上皮分化遵循时间顺序模式，从分泌变化开始，在分泌后复旧之前显然经历了一个以大汗腺化生为特征的时期。这些上皮变化与导管系统的形态类型无关。两性乳房之间没有明显特征。对肌动蛋白和κ-酪蛋白进行免疫过氧化物酶染色，分别研究肌上皮细胞和分泌细胞。肌上皮细胞存在于所有阶段，并且直到 2 个月龄时都观察到明显的酪蛋白染色。 7例可见胚胎型脂肪组织，其中1例与发育中的导管系统密切相关。直到4个月大时，在导管周围结缔组织中才能观察到髓外造血作用。本文描述了迄今为止对人类婴儿乳房最广泛的解剖学和组织学研究，为详细研究人类乳房发育过程中发生的上皮和间质变化奠定了基础。
Seventy-two samples of infant breasts, aged from newborn to 2 years, were collected at necropsy. Whole-mount preparations and histological sections were made. A system of classification was devised to study the extent of the structural development of the ductal system (morphological types I, II, and III) and the functional differentiation of the lining epithelium (functional stages I to V). There was no correlation between the age of the infant and the type of development of the ductal system. In contrast, the epithelial differentiation followed a chronological pattern, starting with secretory changes and apparently going through a period characterized by apocrine metaplasia before post-secretory involution. These epithelial changes were not associated with the morphological type of the ductal system. There were no distinguishing features between the breasts from the two sexes.Immunoperoxidase staining for actin and kappa-casein was carried out to study the myoepithelial cells and secretory cells, respectively. Myoepithelial cells were present at all stages and prominent staining for casein was observed up to 2 months of age. Embryonic-type adipose tissue was seen in 7 cases, in one of which it was associated closely with the developing ductal system. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in the periductal connective tissue until 4 months of age.This paper describes the most extensive anatomical and histological study of the human infant breast to date and lays the foundation for a detailed study of the epithelial and stromal changes that take place during human breast development.