Implicit and Explicit Category Learning by Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)
Implicit and Explicit Category Learning by Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026031
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Ashby, F. Gregory
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, J. David;Crossley, Matthew J.;Ashby, F. Gregory
目前的人类分类理论区分了一个明确的，基于规则的系统的类别学习，从一个隐式系统，慢慢地关联区域的感知空间与响应输出。研究人员将这种理论分化扩展到新世界灵长类动物的类别学习。四只卷尾猴（Cebus apella）学会了圆形正弦波光栅的类别，这些光栅在酒吧的空间频率和方向上各不相同。基于规则和信息整合的任务，分别有一维和二维的解决方案。卷尾猴和人类一样，强烈地将刺激物维度化，并且更容易地学习基于规则的任务。这些结果强化了这样一种观点，即非人类灵长类动物具有人类外显分类能力的一些结构组成部分，而人类的外显分类能力与陈述性认知和意识有关。这些结果也加强了灵长类动物与其他可能缺乏外显系统的脊椎动物物种的对比。因此，研究结果提出了重要的问题，在认知进化过程中的显式分类系统的起源和它的整体系统发育分布。
Current theories of human categorization differentiate an explicit, rule-based system of category learning from an implicit system that slowly associates regions of perceptual space with response outputs. The researchers extended this theoretical differentiation to the category learning of New World primates. Four capuchins (Cebus apella) learned categories of circular sine-wave gratings that varied in bar spatial frequency and orientation. The rule-based and information-integration tasks, respectively, had one-dimensional and two-dimensional solutions. Capuchins, like humans, strongly dimensionalized the stimuli and learned the rule-based task more easily. The results strengthen the suggestion that nonhuman primates have some structural components of humans' capacity for explicit categorization, which in humans is linked to declarative cognition and consciousness. The results also strengthen the primate contrast to other vertebrate species that may lack the explicit system. Therefore, the results raise important questions about the origins of the explicit categorization system during cognitive evolution and about its overall phylogenetic distribution.