Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community
Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15261-0
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发表时间：
2004-01-10
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Moulton, LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Checkley, W;Gilman, RH;Moulton, LH
背景：水和卫生设施不足对发展中国家儿童的健康产生不利影响。我们的目的是评估水和卫生设施对秘鲁出生队列儿童健康的影响。方法每天随访1次腹泻，每月随访1次人体测量，并获取基线家庭用水和卫生数据。在24个月大时，水源、水储存和卫生条件最差的儿童比条件最好的儿童矮1.0厘米（95% CI 0.1-0.8），腹泻次数多54%（-1至240）。使用小型储存容器家庭的儿童比使用大型储存容器家庭的儿童腹泻发生率高28%（1- 63%）。由于缺乏足够的污水处理，导致婴儿在24个月大时身高不足0.9厘米（0.2-1.7）。仅靠改善水源并不能实现全面的健康效益。在有供水家庭的24个月大的儿童中，没有污水处理和使用小型储存容器的家庭的儿童比有污水和使用大型储存容器的家庭的儿童矮1.8厘米（0.1-3.6）。我们的研究结果表明，营养状况是水和环境卫生干预措施的一个有用终点，并强调了改善发展中国家环境卫生的必要性。改善和更可靠的水源应阻止有被污染风险的水储存，减少腹泻发病率，并改善儿童的线性生长。
Background Inadequate water and sanitation adversely affect the health of children in developing countries. We aimed to assess the effects of water and sanitation on childhood health in a birth cohort of Peruvian children.Methods We followed up children once a day for diarrhoea and once a month for anthropometry, and obtained data for household water and sanitation at baseline.Findings At 24 months of age, children with the worst conditions for water source, water storage, and sanitation were 1.0 cm (95% CI 0.1-0.8) shorter and had 54% (-1 to 240) more diarrhoeal episodes than did those with the best conditions. Children from households with small storage containers had 28% (1-63) more diarrhoeal episodes than did children from households with large containers. Lack of adequate sewage disposal explained a height deficit of 0.9 cm (0.2-1.7) at 24 months of age. Better water source alone did not accomplish full health benefits. In 24-month-old children from households with a water connection, those in households without adequate sewage disposal and with small storage containers were 1.8 cm (0.1-3.6) shorter than children in households with sewage and with large storage containers.Interpretation Our findings show that nutritional status is a useful endpoint for water and sanitation interventions and underscores the need to improve sanitation in developing countries. Improved and more reliable water sources should discourage water storage at risk of becoming contaminated, decrease diarrhoeal incidence, and improve linear growth in children.