HABITUATION OF AN APPETITIVE REFLEX IN THE HONEYBEE
HABITUATION OF AN APPETITIVE REFLEX IN THE HONEYBEE
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.588
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发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
BICKER, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRAUN, G;BICKER, G
1. 伸喙反射是蜜蜂进食行为中的一种食欲反射，它是用糖水滴触碰一只触角而引起的。重复刺激导致响应衰减并最终消失，可通过刺激对侧天线来恢复。这种行为可塑性符合习惯化的基本参数特征。通过记录参与长鼻运动的肌肉的细胞外反应，通过测量长鼻延伸的持续时间，或通过确定消除任何可见反应所需的试验次数，来量化反应。由于习惯化局限于重复刺激的天线，而没有推广到对侧半球，因此介导习惯化的神经回路可能局限于一个半球。与饱食动物相比，饥饿动物表现出较小的反应衰减，并且需要更多的试验直到反应消失，从而证明了习惯化的状态依赖性。初始反应和随后的反应衰减是由饱足水平和刺激强度决定的两个独立的组成部分。通过使用利血平消耗神经系统的单胺，30%的动物的反射消失，其余动物的反应性降低。注射章鱼胺或其代谢前体酪胺可以恢复无利血平反应动物的反射，酪胺也可以增强有利血平反应动物的肌突放电。在未耗尽的动物中，酪胺的应用也加速了反射的习惯化速度。因此，我们认为章鱼胺能神经元参与介导食物唤醒和习惯化的状态依赖，并在一个单独的过程中影响习惯化过程中的反应衰减。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制剂和胆碱能受体阻滞剂的应用证实了组织化学数据，表明胆碱能在反射途径中传递。对反射的药理学解剖和对其化学结构的免疫细胞化学研究表明，喙伸反射是由平行运作的非胺能和单胺能途径介导的。
1. The proboscis extension reflex is an appetitive component of the bee's feeding behavior that is elicited by touching one antenna with a droplet of sugar water. Repetitive stimulation leads to a decrement and finally to the disappearance of the response, which can be restored by stimulating the contralateral antenna. This behavioral plasticity conforms to essential parametric characteristics for habituation.2. The response was quantified by recording extracellularly from a muscle involved in proboscis movement, by measuring the duration of the proboscis extension, or by determining the number of trials necessary to abolish any visible response.3. Because habituation was restricted to the repetitively stimulated antenna and did not generalize to the contralateral hemisphere, the neural circuits mediating habituation may be confined to one hemisphere.4. State dependence of habituation could be demonstrated by showing that hungry animals exhibited a smaller response decrement and required more trials until disappearance of the response compared with satiated animals. The initial response and the subsequent response decrement are separate components determined by satiation level and stimulus strength.5. Depleting the nervous system of monoamines by the use of reserpine abolished the reflex in 30% of the animals and reduced responsiveness in the remainder. Injection of octopamine or its metabolic precursor tyramine restored the reflex in reserpinized unresponsive animals, and tyramine also enhanced the muscle-spike discharge of reserpinized, responsive animals. In undepleted animals, tyramine application also accelerated the rate of habituation of the reflex. We therefore propose that octopaminergic neurons participate in mediating food arousal and the state dependence of habituation and, in a separate process, influence the response decrement during habituation.6. Application of an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor and a cholinergic receptor blocker confirmed histochemical data that implicate cholinergic transmission in the reflex pathways.7. The combined pharmacological dissection of the reflex and immunocytochemical investigations of its chemical architecture provide evidence that the proboscis extension reflex is mediated by nonaminergic and monoaminergic pathways operating in parallel.