A comparative analysis of children’s time use and educational achievement: Assessing evidence from China, Japan and the United States
A comparative analysis of children’s time use and educational achievement: Assessing evidence from China, Japan and the United States
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DOI：
10.1177/2057150x20911871
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Ryosuke Nakamura;Jun Yamashita;Hideo Akabayashi;Teruyuki Tamura;Yang Zhou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ryosuke Nakamura;Jun Yamashita;Hideo Akabayashi;Teruyuki Tamura;Yang Zhou
各种形式的经验证据表明，父母的社会经济地位（SES）与教育成果密切相关，许多国家试图缩小儿童之间的成就差距。父母教养方式是不同社会经济地位家庭教育不平等产生的重要机制。本文通过对中国、日本和美国三个具有全国代表性的纵向数据的比较研究，表明儿童时间利用和学业成绩的班级差距反映了父母的社会经济地位分层的父母教养方式和父母的做法。我们发现，对于中国10-15岁的儿童，父母社会经济地位对儿童的家庭作业时间和学习成绩有很大的影响。日本10-15岁儿童的调查结果也发现了类似的模式，但家庭作业时间与父母教育水平的关系较弱。此外，将样本限制在14岁的儿童并比较三个国家，我们发现，父母SES之间的测试成绩差距在美国是最大的;为了填补第一和第四收入四分位数之间的数学测试成绩的差距，与中国和日本相比，美国需要大量的额外时间花在家庭作业上。
Various forms of empirical evidence suggest that parental socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly related to educational outcomes and many countries attempt to close achievement gaps among children. Parenting practice is one important mechanism through which educational inequality emerges across families with different SES. In this paper, we show that the class gap in children’s time use and academic achievements reflects parenting styles and parental practices stratified by parental SES by comparatively investigating the cases of China, Japan, and the USA, drawing on three sets of nationally representative longitudinal data. We find that for children aged 10–15 in China, parental SES has a strong impact on children's homework time and academic performance. Similar patterns are found in the results of 10–15-year-old children in Japan; however, homework time more weakly relates to the parents' education level. Moreover, restricting the samples to 14-year-old children and comparing the three countries, we find that the test score gap among parental SES is the largest in the USA; to fill the gap in math test scores between the first and fourth income quartiles, a sizable number of additional hours spent on homework are needed in the USA, compared to China and Japan.