Dead Cert: Measuring Cell Death.
Dead Cert: Measuring Cell Death.
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DOI：
10.1101/pdb.top070318
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Waterhouse, Nigel J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crowley, Lisa C;Marfell, Brooke J;Waterhouse, Nigel J
身体中的许多细胞在特定的时间死亡，以促进健康发育，或者因为它们已经老化，受损或感染。导致细胞不适当存活或过早死亡的细胞缺陷会对发育产生负面影响，或导致各种人类病理学，包括癌症、艾滋病、自身免疫性疾病和慢性感染。细胞死亡也可能发生在暴露于环境毒素或细胞毒性化学品之后。虽然这通常是有害的，但在某些情况下可能是有益的，例如在治疗癌症方面。因此，在实验室环境中客观测量细胞死亡的能力对于理解和研究许多人类疾病和病症的原因和治疗至关重要。通常，了解样品中细胞死亡的程度就足够了;然而，死亡机制也可能对疾病进展，治疗和实验研究的结果产生影响。有无数的测定可用于测量已知形式的细胞死亡，包括细胞凋亡、坏死、自噬、坏死性凋亡、失巢凋亡和焦亡。在这里，我们介绍了一系列测定培养细胞中细胞死亡的方法，并概述了区分健康细胞与凋亡或坏死细胞（两种最常见的细胞死亡形式）的基本技术。我们还提供了个人的见解，这些检测可能是有用的，以及它们如何可能或可能不会被用来区分凋亡细胞死亡从其他死亡方式。
Many cells in the body die at specific times to facilitate healthy development or because they have become old, damaged, or infected. Defects in cells that result in their inappropriate survival or untimely death can negatively impact development or contribute to a variety of human pathologies, including cancer, AIDS, autoimmune disorders, and chronic infection. Cell death may also occur following exposure to environmental toxins or cytotoxic chemicals. Although this is often harmful, it can be beneficial in some cases, such as in the treatment of cancer. The ability to objectively measure cell death in a laboratory setting is therefore essential to understanding and investigating the causes and treatments of many human diseases and disorders. Often, it is sufficient to know the extent of cell death in a sample; however, the mechanism of death may also have implications for disease progression, treatment, and the outcomes of experimental investigations. There are a myriad of assays available for measuring the known forms of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, necroptosis, anoikis, and pyroptosis. Here, we introduce a range of assays for measuring cell death in cultured cells, and we outline basic techniques for distinguishing healthy cells from apoptotic or necrotic cells-the two most common forms of cell death. We also provide personal insight into where these assays may be useful and how they may or may not be used to distinguish apoptotic cell death from other death modalities.