Meta-analysis of zooarchaeological data from SW Asia and SE Europe provides insight into the origins and spread of animal husbandry
Meta-analysis of zooarchaeological data from SW Asia and SE Europe provides insight into the origins and spread of animal husbandry
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2010.10.008
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shennan, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conolly, James;Colledge, Sue;Shennan, Stephen
识别动物开发模式的空间和时间变化对于我们了解从狩猎到畜牧的转变至关重要。对从亚洲西南部和欧洲东南部的114个考古遗址中发现的40多万块动物骨骼的已发表记录进行定量分析，从c12 ka到c7.5 ka cal BP（数千年前校准的放射性碳），表明动物群开发模式存在显著的时空变化。在幼发拉底河地区的网站显示通过国内类群的c10.5千卡BP，虽然平均这些类群的贡献不到10%的总组合大小。到c9.5 ka cal BP时，这一比例上升至约40%的中位数，然后到c8.5 ka cal BP时，这一比例上升至约45%的总NISP。到c10.5 ka底格里斯河和扎格罗斯河地区的驯化动物对动物群的贡献不足5%，但到c9.5 ka和c8.4 ka cal BR，驯化动物的比例分别上升到20%和40%。相反，黎凡特地区的驯化动物数量很少（< 1%），直到c8.8 ka cal BP，驯化动物的比例急剧增加到35%左右。这种明显的延迟采用模式也适用于南部黎凡特，平均而言，在8.8 ka cal BP之前，驯化类群的水平较低（< 1%），此时驯化类群对组合的贡献中位数约为10%。在亚洲西南部的北方地区，10世纪中后期的卡尔BP是关键的，因为在这段时间内，国内类群的比例显示出频率的急剧增加，国内绵羊，山羊，牛和猪的“包装”变得更加牢固。这为第9个千年的遗址和东南欧新石器时代社区的出现奠定了基础，从第8个千年开始，家畜在动物群中无处不在。(c)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Identifying spatial and temporal variation in animal exploitation patterns is essential for building our understanding of the transition from hunting to stock-keeping. Quantitative analysis of the published records of over 400,000 animal bones recovered from 114 archaeological sites from SW Asia and SE Europe from c12 ka to c7.5 ka cal BP (thousands of calibrated radiocarbon years before present) demonstrates significant spatiotemporal variability in faunal exploitation patterns. Sites in the Euphrates region show adoption of domestic taxa by c10.5 ka cal BP, although on average these taxa contribute less than 10% to total assemblage size. This rises to a median of about 40% by c9.5 ka cal BP, and then to about 45% of total NISP by c8.5 ka cal BP. By c10.5 ka in the Tigris and Zagros region domesticates contribute less than 5% to faunal assemblages, but then rise to a median of about 20% by c9.5 ka and 40% by c8.4 ka cal BR In contrast, Levantine sites have low numbers of domestic taxa (< 1%) until c8.8 ka cal BP, when the proportion dramatically increases to a median of about 35%. This apparent delayed-adoption pattern also holds true for the southern Levant, which shows, on average, low levels (< 1%) of domestic taxa until 8.8 ka cal BP, at which point domesticates contribute a median of about 10% to assemblages. In the northern parts of SW Asia, the mid- to late-10th millennium cal BP is pivotal, as proportions of domestic taxa show a dramatic increase in frequency during this time, and the 'package' of domestic sheep, goat, cattle and pig becomes more firmly established. This sets the trend for sites of the 9th millennium and the appearance of Neolithic communities in SE Europe from the 8th millennium cal BP onwards, from which point domestic animals are ubiquitous in faunal assemblages. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.