Redox-Based Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes: Revisiting Model Mechanisms
Redox-Based Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes: Revisiting Model Mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1089/ars.2017.7442
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发表时间：
2018-09-18
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Fillat, Maria F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sevilla, Emma;Teresa Bes, Maria;Fillat, Maria F.
重要性：微生物对不断变化的环境的成功适应在很大程度上取决于它们维持氧化还原稳态的能力。为了有效地维持氧化还原平衡，细胞已经开发了各种各样的策略，主要是协调电池的转录调节通过different mechanisms.Recent Advances：这一全面的审查重点是主要的氧化还原反应调节原核生物的主要机制和它们之间的关系与不同的氧化还原信号所收到的细胞。相应的调节子的概述也provided.Critical问题：一些监管机构是难以分类，因为它们可能包含几个传感域和响应一个以上的信号。我们提出了一个分类氧化还原传感调节器分为三大类。第一组包含单组分或直接调节子，其传感结构域和调节结构域位于同一蛋白质中。第二组包括经典的双组分系统，涉及将氧化还原信号转导至其DNA结合伴侣的传感器激酶。第三组包括一个异质组黄素为基础的光传感器，其机制并不总是完全理解，往往参与更复杂的regulatory networks.Future Directions：氧化还原反应的转录调控是一个复杂的过程，因为相同的信号可能会被不同的转录因子，这往往相互作用与其他DNA结合蛋白或没有监管活动的感应和转导。虽然有很多关于一些关键调节器的信息，但由于它们在氧气下的簇的不稳定性，许多其他调节器仍有待充分表征。了解这些监管机构运作的机制和监管网络对于开发生物技术和医学的未来应用至关重要。
Significance: The successful adaptation of microorganisms to ever-changing environments depends, to a great extent, on their ability to maintain redox homeostasis. To effectively maintain the redox balance, cells have developed a variety of strategies mainly coordinated by a battery of transcriptional regulators through diverse mechanisms.Recent Advances: This comprehensive review focuses on the main mechanisms used by major redox-responsive regulators in prokaryotes and their relationship with the different redox signals received by the cell. An overview of the corresponding regulons is also provided.Critical Issues: Some regulators are difficult to classify since they may contain several sensing domains and respond to more than one signal. We propose a classification of redox-sensing regulators into three major groups. The first group contains one-component or direct regulators, whose sensing and regulatory domains are in the same protein. The second group comprises the classical two-component systems involving a sensor kinase that transduces the redox signal to its DNA-binding partner. The third group encompasses a heterogeneous group of flavin-based photosensors whose mechanisms are not always fully understood and are often involved in more complex regulatory networks.Future Directions: Redox-responsive transcriptional regulation is an intricate process as identical signals may be sensed and transduced by different transcription factors, which often interplay with other DNA-binding proteins with or without regulatory activity. Although there is much information about some key regulators, many others remain to be fully characterized due to the instability of their clusters under oxygen. Understanding the mechanisms and the regulatory networks operated by these regulators is essential for the development of future applications in biotechnology and medicine.