The legacy of larval infection on immunological dynamics over metamorphosis
The legacy of larval infection on immunological dynamics over metamorphosis
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0066
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发表时间：
2019-10-14
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Tate, Ann T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Critchlow, Justin T.;Norris, Adriana;Tate, Ann T.
昆虫的变态促进了对不同生态位的探索，以及在整个生命阶段接触不同的寄生虫。适应应该有利于针对特定微生物威胁的免疫反应，并有可能通过变态来解耦每个阶段免疫反应的潜在遗传或生理基础。然而，我们对生命早期接触寄生虫如何影响随后生命阶段的免疫反应还没有很好的了解。全变态昆虫宿主中的幼虫感染是否存在发育遗产？为了解决这个问题，我们将面粉甲虫（赤拟谷盗）幼虫暴露于一种原生动物寄生虫中，尽管在变态过程中已被清除，但这种寄生虫仍栖息在幼虫和成虫的中肠中。我们对暴露和未暴露个体在幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段的肠道和全身中相关免疫基因的表达进行了定量。我们的结果表明，寄生虫暴露会诱导幼虫阶段几种免疫基因的差异表达，并持续到后续阶段。我们还证明，免疫基因表达协方差在组织和生命阶段之间部分解耦。这些结果表明，幼虫感染可以在免疫表型上留下持久的印记，对变态和免疫系统的进化产生影响。本文是“完全变态的进化”主题的一部分。
Insect metamorphosis promotes the exploration of different ecological niches, as well as exposure to different parasites, across life stages. Adaptation should favour immune responses that are tailored to specific microbial threats, with the potential for metamorphosis to decouple the underlying genetic or physiological basis of immune responses in each stage. However, we do not have a good understanding of how early-life exposure to parasites influences immune responses in subsequent life stages. Is there a developmental legacy of larval infection in holometabolous insect hosts? To address this question, we exposed flour beetle (Tribolium castaneurn) larvae to a protozoan parasite that inhabits the midgut of larvae and adults despite clearance during metamorphosis. We quantified the expression of relevant immune genes in the gut and whole body of exposed and unexposed individuals during the larval, pupal and adult stages. Our results suggest that parasite exposure induces the differential expression of several immune genes in the larval stage that persist into subsequent stages. We also demonstrate that immune gene expression covariance is partially decoupled among tissues and life stages. These results suggest that larval infection can leave a lasting imprint on immune phenotypes, with implications for the evolution of metamorphosis and immune systems.This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.