When to Run and When to Hide: The Influence of Concealment, Visibility, and Proximity to Refugia on Perceptions of Risk
When to Run and When to Hide: The Influence of Concealment, Visibility, and Proximity to Refugia on Perceptions of Risk
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/eth.12000
复制
发表时间：
2012-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Shipley, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camp, Meghan J.;Rachlow, Janet L.;Shipley, Lisa A.
动物避免捕食的能力可能取决于它发现接近的捕食者，隐藏自己，并寻求庇护或保护免受捕食者的能力。生境，特别是植被结构，可以同时影响所有这些因素。二元分类评估栖息地开放或封闭，但是，混淆了至少两个功能的栖息地结构，可能会影响感知的捕食风险：隐蔽，功能隐藏个人，和可见度，这提高了检测潜在的捕食者。两者都可以同时独立地影响捕食风险。在这项研究中，我们解耦这些功能特性的植被，并研究了隐藏，能见度和接近避难所的距离，侏儒兔（Brachylagus idahoensis）逃离接近的威胁（飞行起始距离; FID）的影响。隐蔽的植被降低了风险的看法，然而，侏儒兔表现出高风险的能见度，无论金额的隐藏。接近洞穴入口也影响风险的看法，这样的风险显着降低时，兔子或附近的洞穴系统。解开栖息地的功能特性，可以提供一个更全面的了解的因素，影响感知的风险和逃避行为的猎物，并提供洞察栖息地结构如何机械地与捕食风险。
An animal's ability to avoid predation likely depends on its ability to detect approaching predators, conceal itself, and seek refuge or protection from predators. Habitat, especially vegetation structure, can influence all of these factors concurrently. Binary categorical assessments of habitat as open or closed, however, confound at least two functions of habitat structure that could influence the perceived risk of predation: concealment, which functions to hide an individual, and visibility, which enhances detection of a potential predator. Both can influence predation risk independently and simultaneously. In this study, we decoupled these functional properties of vegetation and studied the effects of concealment, visibility, and proximity to a refuge on the distance at which pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) fled from an approaching threat (flight initiation distance; FID). Concealment by vegetation decreased perceptions of risk; however, pygmy rabbits exhibited elevated risk at high levels of visibility, regardless of the amount of concealment. Proximity to burrow entrances also influenced perceptions of risk, such that risk was significantly lower when rabbits were on or near burrow systems. Disentangling the functional properties of habitat can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence perceived risk and escape behaviors of prey and provide insight into how habitat structure mechanistically relates to predation risk.