Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer.
Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2013.00036
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Llorente A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hessvik NP;Sandvig K;Llorente A
miRNA是一种小的非编码RNA，可以精细地调节细胞中的基因表达。miRNA表达的改变与癌症的发展有关，现在正在研究miRNA作为癌症以及其他疾病的生物标志物。最近，在体液中的细胞外发现了miRNAs。细胞外miRNA以不同的形式存在-与Ago 2蛋白相关，加载到细胞外囊泡（外泌体、微囊泡或凋亡小体）或高密度脂蛋白颗粒中。这些细胞外miRNAs可能是不同细胞过程的产物，因此可能发挥不同的作用。然而，它们在体内的功能目前尚不清楚。尽管如此，它们被认为是有前途的，非侵入性的诊断和预后工具。前列腺癌是西方世界男性中最常见的癌症，但目前使用的生物标志物（前列腺特异性抗原）特异性低。因此，非常需要新的生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论细胞外miRNA可能的生物学功能，以及细胞外囊泡的miRNA作为前列腺癌生物标志物的潜在用途。
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that finely regulate gene expression in cells. Alterations in miRNA expression have been associated with development of cancer, and miRNAs are now being investigated as biomarkers for cancer as well as other diseases. Recently, miRNAs have been found outside cells in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs exist in different forms – associated with Ago2 proteins, loaded into extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic bodies) or into high density lipoprotein particles. These extracellular miRNAs are probably products of distinct cellular processes, and might therefore play different roles. However, their functions in vivo are currently unknown. In spite of this, they are considered as promising, non-invasive diagnostic, and prognostic tools. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the Western world, but the currently used biomarker (prostate specific antigen) has low specificity. Therefore, novel biomarkers are highly needed. In this review we will discuss possible biological functions of extracellular miRNAs, as well as the potential use of miRNAs from extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for prostate cancer.