The human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K(HML-3)
The human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K(HML-3)
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DOI：
10.1006/geno.2002.6839
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Meese, EU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mayer, J;Meese, EU
大量的人类基因组由人类内源性逆转录病毒（HERV）组成。已经鉴定了多种HERV家族，其中有几个所谓的HERV-K（HML）家族。虽然HERV-K（HML-2）家族已被详细研究，但其他HERV-K家族尚未得到充分表征。我们在这里更详细地描述HERV-K HML-3家族。我们估计，每个单倍体基因组中大约有140个前病毒基因座或其残留物。大多数位点都发生了严重突变。在gag和pol中显示较大缺失的前病毒是常见的。与Repbase中的HERVK 91序列相比，73个HERV-K（HML-3）序列的多重比对显示出几个潜在的重要差异。产生了具有所有逆转录病毒基因的开放阅读框的共有序列，观察到完整的dUTR基序和具有不同编码能力的env基因变体。系统发育分析表明，近单系与两个密切相关的亚群的区别。前病毒形成于大约3600万年前。然而，没有持续的活动，通过灵长类动物的进化。
A substantial amount of the human genome is composed of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Manifold HERV families have been identified, among them several so-called HERV-K(HML) families. Although the HERV-K(HML-2) family has been studied in detail, other HERV-K families are not as well characterized. We describe here the HERV-K HML-3 family in more detail. We estimate that there are about 140 proviral loci or remains of such per haploid genome. Most loci are severely mutated. Proviruses displaying larger deletions in gag and pol are common. A multiple alignment of 73 HERV-K(HML-3) sequences displays several potentially important differences compared with the HERVK91 sequence in Repbase. A consensus sequence with open reading frames for all retroviral genes was generated, for which intact dUTPase motifs and env gene variants with different coding capacities are observed. Phylogenetic analysis shows near-monophyly with distinction of two closely related subgroups. Proviruses formed about 36 million years ago. However, no continuous activity through primate evolution is indicated.