Commensal and Pathogenic Escherichia coli Metabolism in the Gut.
Commensal and Pathogenic Escherichia coli Metabolism in the Gut.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.mbp-0006-2014
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cohen PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conway T;Cohen PS
地球上的每一种哺乳动物都栖息着大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌(1)，以及在适当温暖的温度下的冷血动物（例如鱼）(2)。我们估计有1021E。仅存在于人群中的大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌常常是第一个在人类婴儿中定殖的细菌，并且是成人的终生定殖者 (3)。大肠杆菌可以说是所有模式生物中最了解的 (4)。然而howE的本质。结肠定植和/或导致疾病的情况尚未完全清楚。当然，先天免疫、适应性免疫和细菌细胞间通讯在调节肠道 500-1000 种不同共生物种的种群中发挥着重要作用 (5-11)；然而，这些主题不是本章的重点。我们已经回顾了作为大肠杆菌栖息地的粘液层。结肠菌定植于肠道，E 的各个方面。使其成功的大肠杆菌生理学，以及用于定植研究的模型系统 (12 – 14)。在这里，我们重点关注E。肠道粘液层的大肠杆菌代谢。我们讨论了以下证据：大肠杆菌必须在粘液层中获取营养才能定殖，它作为混合生物膜的成员驻留在粘液层中，并且每个大肠杆菌。大肠菌素在肠道中展现出独特的营养程序。我们还讨论了支持共生E“餐厅”假说的证据。大肠杆菌，即它们作为混合生物膜的固着成员在肠道中定殖，获取局部生长所需的营养，但与入侵的大肠杆菌竞争营养。浮游大肠杆菌病原体。
Every mammal on the planet is colonized withE. coli(1), as well as cold‐blooded animals (e.g., fish) at an appropriately warm temperature (2). We estimate there are 1021E. colicells in the human population alone.E. coliis frequently the first bacterium to colonize human infants and is a lifelong colonizer of adults (3).E. coliis arguably the best understood of all model organisms (4). Yet the essence of howE. colicolonizes and/or causes disease is still not completely understood. Certainly, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and bacterial cell‐to‐cell communication play important roles in modulating the populations of the 500–1000 different commensal species in the intestine (5 – 11); however, these topics will not be a focus of this chapter. We have reviewed the mucus layer as habitat forE. colito colonize the intestine, aspects ofE. coliphysiology that enable its success, and the model systems employed for colonization research (12 – 14). Here, we focus onE. colimetabolism in the intestinal mucus layer. We discuss evidence that E. coli must obtain nutrients in the mucus layer to colonize, that it resides in the mucus layer as a member of mixed biofilms, and that eachE. colistrain displays a unique nutritional program in the intestine. We also discuss evidence supporting the “Restaurant” hypothesis for commensalE. colistrains, i.e., that they colonize the intestine as sessile members of mixed biofilms obtaining the nutrients they need for growth locally, but compete for nutrients with invadingE. colipathogens planktonically.