Genetic studies at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission-Radiation Effects Research Foundation: 1946-1997.
Genetic studies at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission-Radiation Effects Research Foundation: 1946-1997.
复制标题
原子弹伤亡委员会-辐射效应研究基金会的基因研究：1946-1997。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.10.5432
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Neel,JV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neel,JV
大约52年过去了，人们对原子弹和其他辐射暴露的延迟效应的担忧，在原子弹爆炸后的最初几个月浮出水面，现在很难重现这种担忧的强度。人们普遍没有意识到，在日本有如此多的人受到足以维持生存的电离辐射照射，这是出乎意料的。参与曼哈顿计划的物理学家曾假设，任何离爆炸中心足够近、受到大量辐射的人都可能死于爆炸或炸弹的热效应。因此，无论个人对使用这两枚原子弹的感受如何，在爆炸震源2公里范围内的幸存者是人类历史上独一无二的群体，对这一群体进行密集随访的重要性当时对所有国家的外行人和科学家都是显而易见的。普特南博士(2)概述了导致学院参与组织由原子弹伤亡委员会（ABCC）开展的对原子弹幸存者的长期研究的发展。在其他地方，我描述了一些不寻常的情况，导致当时的美国陆军医疗队中尉尼尔被分配到一个小型调查小组，该小组于1946年11月25日首次降落在日本，负责向学院新成立的原子伤亡委员会提供有关学院可能进行的任何研究的潜力和固有问题的建议(3)。
It is difficult, some 52 years later, to recreate the intensity of the concern about the delayed effects of exposure to the atomic bombs, as well as other radiation exposures, that surfaced in the first few months after the bombings. It is not generally appreciated that the survival in Japan of so many persons receiving exposures to ionizing radiation up to the amount compatible with survival was unexpected. The physicists on the Manhattan Project had assumed that anyone close enough to the hypocenter of the explosion to have received significant amounts of radiation would have been killed by the blast or thermal effects of the bombs (1). The survivors within 2 km of the hypocenter of the explosion, this being the radius of significant radiation, were, therefore, a group without parallel in human history, regardless of individual feelings about the use of the two bombs, and the significance of an intensive follow-up of this group was at that time immediately apparent to laypersons and scientists alike of all nationalities. Dr. Putnam (2) has outlined the developments that led to the involvement of the Academy in the organization of the longterm studies of the atomic bomb survivors carried out by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC). Elsewhere, I have described the somewhat unusual circumstances that resulted in then First Lieutenant Neel, Medical Corps, US Army, being assigned to the small survey team that first touched down in Japan on November 25, 1946, charged with advising the Academy’s new Committee on Atomic Casualties concerning both the potentialities and the problems inherent in any study the Academy might undertake (3).