Retinotopic Organization of Scene Areas in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex.
Retinotopic Organization of Scene Areas in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0569-17.2017
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发表时间：
2017-08-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Livingstone MS
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文献类型：
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作者：
Arcaro MJ;Livingstone MS
灵长类动物的下颞叶皮层有专门的区域，对特定的图像类别有反应。虽然IT传统上被认为是缺乏retinotopy，最近的几项研究表明，猴子的retinotopic地图延伸到面对补丁沿着下银行的上级颞沟（STS）和邻近地区的IT皮层。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像映射的视网膜组织内侧腹侧颞叶皮质在四只猴子（2男2女）。我们确认存在的视野地图内和周围的下银行的STS和扩展这些先前的研究结果，以场景选择性皮层的最腹侧区域的IT。在枕颞沟（OTS），我们确定了两个retinotopic领域，OTS1和OTS2。OTS2的极角表示是OTS1表示的镜像反转。这些区域包含对侧周边的表征，并选择性地活跃于场景与面部、身体或物体图像。这种视网膜病变的程度与人类相似，表明场景网络的组织在灵长类动物中得到了保留。此外，在背侧纹外、后顶叶、额叶皮质以及丘脑（包括外侧膝状体核和枕）中确定了视网膜定位图。总之，似乎大多数，如果不是全部，猕猴视觉系统包含视觉空间的组织表示。灵长类动物的下颞叶（IT）皮层有专门的区域，对特定的图像类别做出反应。虽然视网膜映射被认为是后视皮层的基本组织原则，但传统上认为IT缺乏视网膜映射。最近的成像研究表明，存在几个视野地图内的横向IT.Using神经成像，我们发现多种表示的视觉空间内腹侧IT皮质的猕猴，包括场景选择皮层。场景域偏向周边视野。这些数据表明，在整个灵长类动物的视觉系统，包括在腹侧视觉层次的后期阶段，视野地图的患病率，并支持的想法，代表不同类别的域偏向于不同部分的视野。
Primates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy, several recent studies in monkeys have shown that retinotopic maps extend to face patches along the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and neighboring regions of IT cortex. Here, we used fMRI to map the retinotopic organization of medial ventral temporal cortex in four monkeys (2 male and 2 female). We confirm the presence of visual field maps within and around the lower bank of the STS and extend these prior findings to scene-selective cortex in the ventral-most regions of IT. Within the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS), we identified two retinotopic areas, OTS1 and OTS2. The polar angle representation of OTS2 was a mirror reversal of the OTS1 representation. These regions contained representations of the contralateral periphery and were selectively active for scene versus face, body, or object images. The extent of this retinotopy parallels that in humans and shows that the organization of the scene network is preserved across primate species. In addition retinotopic maps were identified in dorsal extrastriate, posterior parietal, and frontal cortex as well as the thalamus, including both the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar. Together, it appears that most, if not all, of the macaque visual system contains organized representations of visual space. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Primates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though retinotopic maps are considered a fundamental organizing principle of posterior visual cortex, IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy. Recent imaging studies have demonstrated the presence of several visual field maps within the lateral IT. Using neuroimaging, we found multiple representations of visual space within ventral IT cortex of macaques that included scene-selective cortex. Scene domains were biased toward the peripheral visual field. These data demonstrate the prevalence of visual field maps throughout the primate visual system, including late stages in the ventral visual hierarchy, and support the idea that domains representing different categories are biased toward different parts of the visual field.