Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response
Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2015.38
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McLaughlin, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, Alan;Waldbusser, George G.;McLaughlin, Karen
2007年，美国西海岸贝类产业开始感受到生产太平洋牡蛎的商业孵化场前所未有的幼虫死亡率的影响。随后，威士忌溪贝类孵化场的研究人员与学术界和政府科学家合作，显示流入海水的文石饱和状态（Omega（arag））与幼虫群体的生存之间存在高度相关性，明确将增加的CO与孵化场失败联系起来。这项工作促使太平洋海岸贝类养殖者协会（PCSGA）对贝类孵化场和沿海沃茨进行监测，与大学研究人员和美国综合海洋观测系统合作建立了一个监测网络。分析技术的发展，如真实的实时监测Omega（arag）的能力，极大地提高了行业对碳酸盐化学及其可变性的理解，并为商业规模水处理系统的开发提供了信息。这些处理系统通常被证明是有效的，导致数十亿额外的牡蛎幼虫供应给太平洋西北牡蛎种植者。然而，重大的挑战仍然存在，多方面的方法，包括牡蛎种群的选择性繁殖，孵化能力的扩大，沿海水化学的持续监测，以及对生物反应的更好理解，都将是美国西海岸贝类产业生存的关键。
In 2007, the US west coast shellfish industry began to feel the effects of unprecedented levels of larval mortality in commercial hatcheries producing the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Subsequently, researchers at Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, working with academic and government scientists, showed a high correlation between aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) of inflowing seawater and survival of larval groups, clearly linking increased CO, to hatchery failures. This work led the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association (PCSGA) to instrument shellfish hatcheries and coastal waters, establishing a monitoring network in collaboration with university researchers and the US Integrated Ocean Observing System. Analytical developments, such as the ability to monitor Omega(arag) in real time, have greatly improved the industry's understanding of carbonate chemistry and its variability and informed the development of commercial-scale water treatment systems. These treatment systems have generally proven effective, resulting in billions of additional oyster larvae supplied to Pacific Northwest oyster growers. However, significant challenges remain, and a multifaceted approach, including selective breeding of oyster stocks, expansion of hatchery capacity, continued monitoring of coastal water chemistry, and improved understanding of biological responses will all be essential to the survival of the US west coast shellfish industry.