Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development
Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development
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DOI：
10.3354/meps208205
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Short, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heintz, RA;Rice, SD;Short, JW
我们报告延迟的影响粉红鲑鱼Oncorhynchus gorbuscha，这是暴露于石油胚胎的条件下观察到的“埃克森巴尔德斯”石油泄漏后的增长和海洋生存。粉红色的鲑鱼卵被孵化在水中，成为污染的多环芳烃（多环芳烃）后，通过砾石与风化油涂层。风化确保了水中的PAH成分主要是烷基取代的萘和较大的化合物。大多数暴露的幸存者看起来很健康，并被释放到海洋环境中，带有编码线标签。当它们在2年后成熟时返回时，评估它们的存活率。其他幸存者，也健康的外观，保留在网围栏，以衡量在早期的青少年阶段的增长延迟的影响。与未暴露的鲑鱼相比，暴露于等于5.4 ppb的总PAH初始浓度的粉红鲑鱼的海洋存活率下降了15%。在胚胎暴露于低至18 ppb PAH剂量的幼鲑鱼中测得对生长的延迟效应。幼鱼生长的减少可以解释在释放的鱼中观察到的海洋生存减少。对生长和存活的延迟效应的证明支持了“埃克森巴尔德斯”石油泄漏后粉红鲑鱼延迟效应的说法，并表明胚胎暴露于石油可能造成群体水平的影响。
We report delayed effects on the growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, which were exposed to oil as embryos under conditions similar to those observed after the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. Pink salmon eggs were incubated in water that became contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after percolating through gravel coated with weathered oil. Weathering ensured that the PAH composition of the water was dominated by alkyl-substituted naphthalenes and larger compounds. Most survivors of the exposures appeared healthy, and were released to the marine environment with coded-wire tags. Their survival was evaluated when they returned at maturity 2 yr later. Other survivors, also healthy in appearance, were retained in net pens to measure delayed effects on growth during the early juvenile stage. Pink salmon exposed to an initial concentration of total PAH equal to 5.4 ppb experienced a 15 % decrease in marine survival compared to unexposed salmon. A delayed effect on growth was measured in juvenile salmon that survived embryonic exposure to doses as low as 18 ppb PAH. Reductions in juvenile growth could account for the reduced marine survival observed in the released fish. The demonstration of delayed effects on growth and survival support claims of delayed effects in pink salmon after the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, and indicate the potential for population-level effects resulting from embryonic exposure to oil.