Secondary Electron Emission Materials for Transmission Dynodes in Novel Photomultipliers: A Review.
Secondary Electron Emission Materials for Transmission Dynodes in Novel Photomultipliers: A Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ma9121017
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发表时间：
2016-12-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
van der Graaf H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tao SX;Chan HW;van der Graaf H
本文综述了二次电子发射材料的研究进展，旨在为新型透射式倍增电极的发展提供指导。列表列出了反射二次电子产额大于3和透射二次电子产额大于1的材料，以便于参考。透射倍增电极的世代以发明时间的顺序列出，特别关注最近的原子层沉积合成的透射倍增电极。基于对具有高二次电子产额的二次电子发射材料的调查所获得的知识，对最先进的传输倍增极的可能改进进行了展望。
Secondary electron emission materials are reviewed with the aim of providing guidelines for the future development of novel transmission dynodes. Materials with reflection secondary electron yield higher than three and transmission secondary electron yield higher than one are tabulated for easy reference. Generations of transmission dynodes are listed in the order of the invention time with a special focus on the most recent atomic-layer-deposition synthesized transmission dynodes. Based on the knowledge gained from the survey of secondary election emission materials with high secondary electron yield, an outlook of possible improvements upon the state-of-the-art transmission dynodes is provided.