The differential effect of PD and normal aging on early explicit sequence learning
The differential effect of PD and normal aging on early explicit sequence learning
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DOI：
10.1212/01.wnl.0000059545.69089.ee
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发表时间：
2003-04-22
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Ghez, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghilardi, MF;Eidelberg, D;Ghez, C
背景：帕金森病患者的运动序列学习异常。然而，尚不清楚这种缺陷是否存在于疾病的早期阶段，或者是否反映了在认知和运动需求之间分配注意力的特定限制。方法：15 名早期 PD 患者、10 名年龄匹配的正常对照者和 9 名年轻的正常对照者将数字化平板电脑上的右手优势手移动到屏幕上显示的 8 个目标，与每隔 1 秒间隔的提示音同步。任务如下：1）CCW——定时响应任务，其中目标以可预测的逆时针顺序出现； 2）RAN——反应时间任务，目标是随机且不可预测的； 3）SEQ——具有多种要求的任务，强调显性学习和目标预期，受试者在达到目标的同时学习序列； 4) VSEQ-受试者在不动的情况下学习了视觉序列。结果：CCW 和 RAN 在所有组中都产生了相似的结果。在 PD 患者中，SEQ 和 VSEQ 中的序列学习是相同的，并且与两个对照组相比要慢。在年长的对照组中，VSEQ 中的学习速度比 SEQ 中的学习速度更快，而年轻的对照组在两项任务中的学习速度相同。结论：尽管运动执行正常，但早期 PD 的序列学习的初始阶段受到损害，与任务要求无关，这可能反映了工作记忆的减少。仅在具有多种要求的任务中，年长对照组的学习速度才比年轻对照组慢，这可能是由于注意力资源减少所致。
Background: Motor sequence learning is abnormal in PD. However, it is not known whether this defect is present during the earliest stages of the illness or whether it reflects specific limitations in dividing attention between cognitive and motor requirements. Methods: Fifteen patients with early stage PD and 10 age-matched and 9 younger normal controls moved the right dominant hand on a digitizing tablet to eight targets presented on a screen in synchrony with a tone at 1-second intervals. The tasks were as follows: 1) CCW-a timed-response task where targets appeared in a predictable counterclockwise order; 2) RAN-a reaction time task where targets were random and unpredictable; 3) SEQ-a task with multiple demands emphasizing explicit learning and target anticipation in which subjects learned a sequence while reaching for targets; and 4) VSEQ-subjects learned a visual sequence without moving. Results: CCW and RAN yielded similar results in all groups. In patients with PD, sequence learning was the same in SEQ and VSEQ and was slower compared to both control groups. In older controls, learning was faster in VSEQ than in SEQ, whereas younger controls learned equally fast in both tasks. Conclusions: Despite normal motor execution, the initial phases of sequence learning are impaired in early PD independent of task requirements, possibly reflecting reduced working memory. Learning was slower in older than younger controls only in tasks with multiple demands, presumably due to reduced attentional resources.