Nuclear Radiation Detectors
Nuclear Radiation Detectors
复制标题
核辐射探测器
DOI：
10.1109/jrproc.1962.288083
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. A. Morton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. A. Morton
核科学和技术的所有主要领域都需要核辐射探测器。它们主要分为两类，单元素探测器和成像探测器。根据单元件探测器的物理工作模式，可将其分为四种类型。它们是1)闪烁计数器，2)气体电离探测器，a)电离室，b)正比计数器，c)盖革-米勒计数器，3)半导体探测器，和4)化学探测器。从灵敏度、能量分辨率、速度和区分背景辐射的能力等方面讨论了这些探测器的局限性。这在一定程度上表明了未来发展必须沿着的方向。成像探测器既包括区域成像，如放射自显影和闪烁计数器扫描，也包括径迹成像。讨论了从威尔逊云室和气泡室通过闪烁径迹成像和火花室进行径迹成像的各种技术。
Nuclear radiation detectors are required in all the major fields of nuclear science and technology. They fall into two principal categories, single element detectors and imaging detectors. Single element detectors can be classified into four types, based upon their physical mode of operation. These are 1) Scintillation counters, 2) Gas ionization detectors, a) Ionization chambers, b) Proportional counters, c) Geiger-Mueller counters, 3) Semiconductor detectors, and 4) Chemical detectors. The limitations of these detectors are discussed in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, speed, and ability to discriminate against background radiations. This gives some indication of the directions along which future developments must proceed. Imaging detectors include both area imaging, such as radioautography and scintillation counter scanning, and track imaging. The various techniques of track imaging from the Wilson cloud chamber and bubble chamber through scintillation track imaging and spark chambers are discussed.