Residual Effects of Cannabis Use on Effort-Based Decision-Making.
Residual Effects of Cannabis Use on Effort-Based Decision-Making.
复制标题
大麻使用对基于努力的决策的残留影响。
DOI：
10.1017/s1355617721000473
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Filbey,FrancescaM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Taylor,MackenzieB;Filbey,FrancescaM
目的研究人体急性Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）给药（Lawn等）。大鼠（Silveira, Adams, Morena, Hill, & Winstanley, 2016）与减少的努力分配有关，这可能解释了急性大麻中毒期间的动机。然而，迄今为止，尚未确定大麻使用对基于努力的决策的残余影响是否存在并可在人类中观察到。本研究的目的是测试在24小时戒断大麻的成年人中，长期使用大麻是否对基于努力的决策有残留影响。方法对41名成年大麻使用者（平均年龄24.63岁，男性21人）和45名非大麻使用者（平均年龄23.90岁，男性19人）的努力支出奖励任务（EEfRT）绩效进行评估。采用以年龄为协变量的混合2x3x3方差分析来检验分组、获胜概率和奖励金额对efrt表现的影响。efrt的表现以选择困难（相对于容易）条件的试验的百分比进行操作。使用Pearson相关性来测试EEfRT表现与大麻使用、快感缺乏和动机之间的关系。结果我们发现，无论获胜概率或奖励水平如何，大麻使用者选择艰难试验的次数明显多于非使用者。大麻使用频率与选择的硬试验百分比呈正相关。选择艰难试验、自我报告的快感缺乏或动机之间没有显著相关性。这些结果表明，与急性效应不同，大麻戒断24小时后的残留效应与基于努力的决策过程中更大的努力分配有关。
ObjectiveAcute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration in humans (Lawn etal., 2016) and rats (Silveira, Adams, Morena, Hill, & Winstanley, 2016) has been associated with decreased effort allocation that may explain amotivation during acute cannabis intoxication. To date, however, whether residual effects of cannabis use on effort-based decision-making are present and observable in humans have not yet been determined. The goal of this study was to test whether prolonged cannabis use has residual effects on effort-based decision-making in 24-hr abstinent cannabis using adults.MethodWe evaluated performance on the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT) in 41 adult cannabis users (mean age = 24.63 years, 21 males) and 45 nonusers (mean age = 23.90 years, 19 males). A mixed 2x3x3 ANOVA with age as a covariate was performed to examine the effect of group, probability of winning, and reward amount on EEfRT performance. EEfRT performance was operationalized as % of trials for which the hard (vs. easy) condition was chosen. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to test the relationship between EEfRT performance and measures of cannabis use, anhedonia and motivation.ResultsWe found that cannabis users selected hard trials significantly more than nonusers regardless of win probability or reward level. Frequency of cannabis use was positively correlated with amount of % hard trials chosen. There were no significant correlations between % hard trials chosen, self-reported anhedonia, or motivation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that unlike acute effects, residual effects of cannabis following 24 hrs of abstinence are associated with greater effort allocation during effort-based decision-making.