How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process
How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process
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DOI：
10.1287/inte.24.6.19
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发表时间：
1990-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Saaty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Saaty
人们通常会做出三种类型的判断来表达重要性、偏好或可能性，并在环境、社会、政治和其他影响因素的存在下，用它们来选择最佳方案。他们根据记忆中的知识或分析收益、成本和风险来做出这些判断。根据过去的知识，我们有时可以制定优秀和贫困的标准，并使用它们来评估一次一个的替代品。这在学生入学和加薪等必须符合既定规范的重复性情况下很有用。如果没有规范，人们就会比较各种选择，而不是对它们进行评级。比较必须在可接受的一致性范围内。层次分析法包括评分法和比较法。合理性要求建立一个可靠的层级结构或反馈网络，其中包括各种影响力、利益相关者和决策替代方案的标准，以确定最佳选择。
People make three general types of judgments to express importance, preference, or likelihood and use them to choose the best among alternatives in the presence of environmental, social, political, and other influences. They base these judgments on knowledge in memory or from analyzing benefits, costs, and risks. From past knowledge, we sometimes can develop standards of excellence and poorness and use them to rate the alternatives one at a time. This is useful in such repetitive situations as student admissions and salary raises that must conform with established norms. Without norms one compares alternatives instead of rating them. Comparisons must fall in an admissible range of consistency. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) includes both the rating and comparison methods. Rationality requires developing a reliable hierarchic structure or feedback network that includes criteria of various types of influence, stakeholders, and decision alternatives to determine the best choice.