Formulating Smart Commitments on Biodiversity: Lessons from the Aichi Targets
Formulating Smart Commitments on Biodiversity: Lessons from the Aichi Targets
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12278
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Watson, James E. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butchart, Stuart H. M.;Di Marco, Moreno;Watson, James E. M.
目前，世界还没有走上实现《生物多样性公约》关于解决生物多样性丧失问题的大部分爱知目标的道路。为实现这些目标而采取行动的人面临的一个挑战可能是具体目标的措辞复杂且不明确，这也使得难以激励和量化进展。根据制定和衡量指标以评估目标进展的经验，我们确定了四个关键问题：模糊性、可量化性、复杂性和冗余性。由于使用了不精确的术语（例如，“基本上”），而许多目标包含定义不清的操作术语（例如，“基本服务”）。70%的具体目标缺乏可量化的要素，这意味着要实现具体目标，没有明确的二元或数字门槛。大多数目标过于复杂，包含多达七个不同的要素，而其中三分之一包含冗余。这四个问题合在一起，使各项具体目标难以落实，也难以确保签署国作出一致的解释。对于未来的政策承诺，我们建议采用数量较少、重点更突出的标题目标（以及附属目标），这些目标应具体、量化、简单、简洁和明确。
The world is currently not on course to achieve most of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Targets to address biodiversity loss. One challenge for those implementing actions to achieve them may be the complexity and lack of clarity in the wording of the targets, which also make it difficult to stimulate and quantify progress. Drawing on experience in developing and measuring indicators to assess progress toward targets, we identify four key issues: ambiguity, quantifiability, complexity, and redundancy. The magnitude of required commitments under some targets is rendered ambiguous by the use of imprecise terms (e.g., "substantially"), while many targets contain poorly defined operational terms (e.g., "essential services"). Seventy percent of targets lack quantifiable elements, meaning that there is no clear binary or numeric threshold to be met in order for the target to be achieved. Most targets are excessively complex, containing up to seven different elements, while one-third of them contain redundancies. In combination, these four issues make it difficult to operationalize the targets and to ensure consistent interpretation by signatories. For future policy commitments, we recommend the adoption of a smaller number of more focused headline targets (alongside subsidiary targets) that are specific, quantified, simple, succinct, and unambiguous.