IRREVERSIBILITY AND HEAT GENERATION IN THE COMPUTING PROCESS
IRREVERSIBILITY AND HEAT GENERATION IN THE COMPUTING PROCESS
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DOI：
10.1147/rd.53.0183
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发表时间：
1961-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
LANDAUER, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LANDAUER, R
有人认为，计算机不可避免地涉及执行没有单值逆的逻辑函数的设备。这种逻辑不可逆性与物理不可逆性相关联，并且每个机器周期需要最小的热生成，对于每个不可逆功能通常为kT的量级。这种耗散的目的是标准化信号，使它们独立于它们的确切逻辑历史。两个简单的，但有代表性的，模型的MEMS器件进行了更详细的分析开关动力学，以产生速度和能量耗散之间的关系，并估计热波动引起的误差的影响。
It is argued that computing machines inevitably involve devices which perform logical functions that do not have a single-valued inverse. This logical irreversibility is associated with physical irreversibility and requires a minimal heat generation, per machine cycle, typically of the order of kT for each irreversible function. This dissipation serves the purpose of standardizing signals and making them independent of their exact logical history. Two simple, but representative, models of bistable devices are subjected to a more detailed analysis of switching kinetics to yield the relationship between speed and energy dissipation, and to estimate the effects of errors induced by thermal fluctuations.