Comparison of conventional, flood irrigated, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China
Comparison of conventional, flood irrigated, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2003.09.003
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发表时间：
2004-04-15
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Sayre, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fahong, W;Wang, X;Sayre, K
中国是世界上人口最多的国家，也是最大的粮食生产国和消费国。从种植面积和产量来看，小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）小麦（包括冬性小麦和春性小麦）是中国北方的第一作物，目前几乎所有的灌溉小麦都是在平地上以窄行种植，并在有边界的盆地内通过漫灌进行灌溉。冬小麦传统平作存在一定的弊端。采用漫灌可能导致潜在的灌溉水利用效率低和氮素利用效率低。它还可能导致灌溉后土壤表面结皮，并可能导致某些土壤特性退化。此外，它可能导致更高水平的作物倒伏。人们发现，在畦顶种植一定数量的行（通常是两到四行）并采用沟灌的凸起畦种植系统可以克服这些缺点。结果表明，与传统的平作漫灌相比，隔沟高畦种植的效益主要表现在：（1）由漫灌改为隔沟灌溉，可节约灌溉用水30%以上，提高了水分利用效率;第三，由于氮肥配置的改善，氮肥利用率可提高10%以上;第四，由于垄作栽培系统中小麦植株的定向，改变了田间小气候，减少了作物倒伏，降低了某些小麦病害的发病率。这些优势相互作用，可以改善粮食质量，提高粮食产量10%以上。(C)2003 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
China is the most populous nation and largest food producer and consumer in the world. In terms of planted area and output, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (including both winter and spring habit wheat) is the number one crop in northern China, and currently almost all irrigated wheat is conventionally planted in narrow spaced rows on the flat and is irrigated by flood irrigation within bordered basins. Conventional flat planting for winter wheat has some disadvantages. The use of flood irrigation can result in a low potential irrigation water use efficiency and inefficient use of nitrogen. It can also cause crusting of the soil surface following irrigation and can contribute to the degradation of some soil properties. In addition, it can result in higher levels of crop lodging. A raised bed-planting system with a number of defined rows (usually two to four rows) planted on top of the bed with furrow irrigation was found to overcome these disadvantages. The benefits of the raised bed-planting system with furrow irrigation compared with conventional flat planting with flood irrigation were found as follows: first, there was a savings in some years of as much as 30% of applied irrigation water combined with enhanced water use efficiency by changing from flood to furrow irrigation; second, the crust problem on the soil surface was eliminated and soil physical status was greatly improved; third, nitrogen use efficiency could be improved by 10% or more because of improved nitrogen placement possibilities; fourth, the microclimate within the field was changed due to the orientation of the wheat plants in rows on the beds with the bed-planting system, which reduced crop lodging and decreased the incidence of some wheat diseases. These advantages, interacting together, were found to improve grain quality and increase grain yield by more than 10%. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.