LEARNING AND MEMORIZATION OF CLASSIFICATIONS
LEARNING AND MEMORIZATION OF CLASSIFICATIONS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/h0093825
复制
发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
JENKINS, HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SHEPARD, RN;HOVLAND, CI;JENKINS, HM
这项研究探索了一些决定分类学习或记忆难度的因素。将要报道的实验主要是为了回答两个问题：学习的难度如何从一种分类到另一种分类？是否学到了一些关于分类结构的具体知识，这将对随后学习相同类型的新分类产生积极的影响？实验程序符合通常的配对联想范式，只是只使用了两个反应。也就是说，八个刺激以一个连续的随机序列一次一个地呈现，每个刺激与两个可选分类反应中的一个之间的关联是通过预期的方法建立的。在第一个实验中，费尔利·迪金森大学的六名大一女生每人服务了15个小时。这些科目(SS)被选为尽可能统一的高考分数。使用学习任务和记忆任务，对不同分类的难度进行了经验和理论相结合的调查。研究人员使用了不同种类的刺激组，但在每组中有八个刺激组，每个刺激组在三个不同的维度上都有两个可能的值中的一个。结果表明，在这8种刺激的70种可能分类中，只有6种基本类型。属于这些类型中任何一种的不同分类具有相同的结构；它们的不同之处仅在于三个维度中的哪一个被分配到分类中的三个角色中的哪一个，以及关于两个分类反应中的哪一个被分配到四个刺激的哪一组。
The present study explores some of the factors that determine how difficult a classification will be to learn or remember. The experiment to be reported was designed primarily to answer two questions: How does the difficulty of learning vary from one type of classification to another? Is something specific learned about the structure of a classification that will transfer positively to the subsequent learning of a new classification of that same type? The experimental procedure conformed to the usual paired-associate paradigm except that only two responses were used. That is, the eight stimuli were presented, one at a time, in a continuing random sequence and an association between each stimulus and one of two alternative classificatory responses was built up by the method of anticipation. Six female freshmen at Fairleigh Dickinson University served for 15 hours each in this first experiment. These subjects (Ss) were selected to be as uniform as possible with respect to their college entrance examination scores. A combined empirical and theoretical investigation of the difficulties of different kinds of classifications was undertaken using both learning and memory tasks. Sets of stimuli of a variety of kinds were used but, in each set, there were eight stimuli each of which took on one of two possible values on each of three different dimensions. Results showed that of the 70 possible classifications of the eight stimuli into two equal groups, there are only six basic types. The different classifications belonging to any one of these types have the same structure; they differ only with respect to which of the three dimensions is assigned to which of the three roles in the classification, and with respect to which of the two classificatory responses is assigned to which group of four stimuli.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)