Oxygen Metabolism and Stress Physiology
Oxygen Metabolism and Stress Physiology
复制标题
氧代谢和应激生理学
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4020-4061-0_27
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
B. Logan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Logan
几乎所有生长环境中的植物吸收的光能都多于它们支持光合作用二氧化碳同化所利用的光能。这种“过量的光”是有问题的，因为它会导致形成不稳定形式的氧，称为活性氧 (ROS)，包括超氧化物和单线态 O2。 ROS 对叶绿体大分子的损伤导致光介导的光合能力下降。在暴露于寒冷等环境压力时，ROS 形成率会增加，因为这种条件会抑制卡尔文-本森循环活性，从而加剧光吸收和光利用之间的不平衡。植物主要通过抗氧化和能量耗散两种机制来最大限度地减少活性氧引起的氧化损伤。在本章中，我回顾了量化ROS形成速率、抗氧化和能量耗散的分子机制以及它们对生长环境的适应的尝试。我还调查了最近尝试采用分子遗传技术，通过操纵参与抗氧化和能量耗散的蛋白质的产生来赋予植物更大的胁迫耐受性。
Plants in nearly all growth environments absorb more light energy than they can utilize in support of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. This “excess light” is problematic because it can lead to the formation of unstable forms of oxygen known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and singlet O2. ROS damage to chloroplast macromolecules contributes to light-mediated decreases in photosynthetic capacity. The rate of ROS formation increases during exposure to environmental stresses such as chilling, since such conditions exacerbate the imbalance between light absorption and light use by inhibiting Calvin-Benson cycle activity. Plants minimize oxidative damage caused by ROS primarily via two mechanisms, antioxidation and energy dissipation. In this chapter, I reviewattempts to quantify the rate of ROS formation, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidation and energy dissipation as well as their acclimation to the growth environment. I also survey recent attempts to employ molecular genetic techniques to confer greater stress tolerance to plants via manipulation of the production of proteins involved in antioxidation and energy dissipation.