Life cycle assessment needs predictive spatial modelling for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Life cycle assessment needs predictive spatial modelling for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
复制标题
生命周期评估需要建立生物多样性和生态系统服务的预测性空间模型。
DOI：
10.1038/ncomms15065
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发表时间：
2017-04-21
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Daily G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chaplin-Kramer R;Sim S;Hamel P;Bryant B;Noe R;Mueller C;Rigarlsford G;Kulak M;Kowal V;Sharp R;Clavreul J;Price E;Polasky S;Ruckelshaus M;Daily G
在日益全球化的经济中，跨国公司通过其产品设计和材料采购决策对地球的土地使用和资源产生重大影响。许多公司使用生命周期评估(LCA)来评估其可持续性，但常用的LCA方法缺乏空间分辨率和预测性生态信息，无法揭示对气候、水和生物多样性的关键影响。我们介绍了在土地利用变化改进(LUCI)-LCA中集成土地变化的空间显式模拟和生态系统服务的LCA的进展。比较了玉米和甘蔗两种替代原料方案对生物塑料需求的增加，我们发现LUCI-LCA方法在温室气体排放和水分消耗方面的结果与标准LCA方法相反，在土壤侵蚀和生物多样性方面的结果也不同。这种方法突显了在供应链和创新决策中包含有关土地使用变化将在哪里以及如何发生以及相关影响的信息的重要性。企业使用生命周期评估来确定原材料的可持续性。这里，卓别林-克莱默等人。开发一种结合土地利用变化的空间差异的改进的生命周期评估方法，并将该框架应用于生物塑料案例研究。
International corporations in an increasingly globalized economy exert a major influence on the planet's land use and resources through their product design and material sourcing decisions. Many companies use life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate their sustainability, yet commonly-used LCA methodologies lack the spatial resolution and predictive ecological information to reveal key impacts on climate, water and biodiversity. We present advances for LCA that integrate spatially explicit modelling of land change and ecosystem services in a Land-Use Change Improved (LUCI)-LCA. Comparing increased demand for bioplastics derived from two alternative feedstock-location scenarios for maize and sugarcane, we find that the LUCI-LCA approach yields results opposite to those of standard LCA for greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption, and of different magnitudes for soil erosion and biodiversity. This approach highlights the importance of including information about where and how land-use change and related impacts will occur in supply chain and innovation decisions. Life cycle assessments are used by corporations to determine the sustainability of raw source materials. Here, Chaplin-Kramer et al. develop an improved life cycle assessment approach incorporating spatial variation in land-use change, and apply this framework to a bioplastic case study.