Categorization templates modulate selective attention.
Categorization templates modulate selective attention.
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0001058
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发表时间：
2022-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alon Zivony;M. Eimer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alon Zivony;M. Eimer
许多注意模型认为，分类(基于与反应选择相关的特征维度的事件的个性化)只有在对象被选择并被编码到工作记忆(WM)之后才会发生。相反，我们认为，一个项目和当前激活的一组可能的反应特征(分类模板)之间的匹配已经在WM编码之前调制了选择性知觉加工。为了验证这一建议，我们测量了注意力投入的电生理标记物(N2pc成分)和来自目标后干扰物(PTD)的行为干扰效应，作为这些干扰物是否与分类模板匹配的函数。参与者被呈现给数字和字母的快速连续视觉呈现(RSVP)，并必须在这些RSVP流中识别由周围形状指示的目标。目标是从字母数字类别中的项目子集中提取的。当PTD属于不相关的字母数字类别时，准确率最高，当PTD与目标的字母数字类别匹配而不是分类模板时，准确率较低，当PTD与分类模板匹配时，准确率最低。在与模板匹配的PTD试验中，靶刺激的N2PC成分被暂时延长，这表明这些PTD触发了额外的注意力放大。我们认为，这种扩增导致目标和PTD之间的竞争加剧，从而导致性能成本。这些结果为证据积累和注意调节在知觉加工过程中的连续性提供了新的证据。他们表明，注意选择性并不完全受搜索模板的调节，但分类模板也发挥着重要的、往往被忽视的作用。(JuncINFO数据库记录(C)2022 APA，保留所有权利)。
Many models of attention assume that categorization (the individuation of events based on the feature dimension relevant for response selection) occurs only after an object has been selected and encoded in working memory (WM). In contrast, we propose that the match between an item and the currently activated set of possible response features (categorization template) already modulates selective perceptual processing prior to WM encoding. To test this proposal, we measured electrophysiological markers of attentional engagement (N2pc components) and behavioral interference effects from posttarget distractors (PTDs) as a function of whether these distractors matched the categorization template. Participants were presented with rapid serial visual presentations (RSVPs) of digits and letters and had to identify a target indicated by a surrounding shape in these RSVP streams. Targets were drawn from a subset of items within an alphanumeric category. Accuracy was highest when the PTD belonged to the irrelevant alphanumeric category, lower when the PTD matched the target's alphanumeric category but not the categorization template, and lowest when the PTD matched the categorization template. On trials with template-matching PTDs, target-elicited N2pc components were temporally extended, indicative of additional attentional amplification triggered by these PTDs. We propose that this amplification produces increased competition between targets and PTDs, resulting in performance costs. These results provide new evidence for the continuous nature of evidence accumulation and attentional modulations during perceptual processing. They show that attentional selectivity is not exclusively mediated by search templates, but that categorization templates also play an important and often overlooked role. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).