A Case Study on Modularity Violations in Cyber Physical Systems
A Case Study on Modularity Violations in Cyber Physical Systems
复制标题
网络物理系统中模块化违规的案例研究
DOI：
10.1002/sys.21530
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Wang, Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiao, Lu;Pennock, Michael;Cardoso, Joana;Wang, Xiao
近年来，网络物理系统（CPS）已被广泛应用于不同的问题领域。CPS中的硬件和软件组件在不断变化的上下文下在各种抽象级别上深深交织在一起，以实现预期的目标。管理这种复杂性的一种方法是通过使用模块化架构，使CPS的部分能够以即插即用的方式升级，更换或修复。实际上，名义上的模块化架构偏离了这一理想。因此，有必要确定、衡量和理解这些偏离的原因。已经开发了一些技术来实现纯软件系统的这一点，但这些技术是否可以适用于推断CPS中与硬件相关的模块性违规？为了研究这个问题，我们采用了纯软件系统的方法，并分析了两个开源CPS：OpenCert和MD Pcert。我们发现，这些系统的软件架构是模块化的。然而，我们能够检测和测量与硬件和其他领域相关概念相关的模块化违规。此外，与一般软件组件相比，与硬件相关的软件组件更有可能频繁更改。总之，这些发现表明，使用从纯软件系统改编的技术来识别硬件驱动的模块化违规的子集是可行的。
In recent years, cyber‐physical systems (CPS) have been widely used in different problem domains. The hardware and software components in a CPS are deeply intertwined at various levels of abstraction under changing contexts to achieve the desired goals. One way to manage this complexity is through the use of modular architecture that enables portions of a CPS to be upgraded, replaced, or fixed in a plug‐and‐play manner. In practice, nominally modular architectures depart from this ideal. Thus, there is a need to identify, measure, and understand the causes of these departures. Techniques have been developed to accomplish this for pure software systems, but can these techniques be adapted to infer hardware‐related modularity violations in a CPS? To investigate this question, we adapted methods from pure‐software systems and analyzed two open‐source CPS: OpenWrt and MD PnP. We found that the software architecture of these systems is well modularized. However, we were able to detect and measure modularity violations associated with hardware and other domain‐related concepts. Furthermore, software components related to hardware were more likely to change frequently compared to general software components. Together, these findings suggest that it is feasible to identify a subset of hardware‐driven modularity violations using techniques adapted from pure software systems.