The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary
The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary
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阿拉伯语对英语的贡献：历史词典
DOI：
10.2307/605279
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
A. Kaye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Cannon;A. Kaye
这部著作是以Pfeffer和Cannon的《英语中的德语外来词：历史词典》(1994)为蓝本。它是全面的，因为它给出了任何学者或普通读者参考所需的所有细节。Pfeffer和Cannon的历史词典经历了几个阶段的实验，才得出了一种理想的方法和途径，可以作为未来词源调查的模型。在化学和天文学等领域，以及在12世纪的十字军东征时期，阿拉伯人和伊斯兰教对世界文化的贡献是众所周知的。英语中的阿拉伯语借词多种多样；有些是直接进入英语的，有些是通过其他语言进入的，而这些语言又反过来受到9世纪至14世纪伊斯兰扩张期间阿拉伯语的影响。坎农与艾伦·S·凯合作，分三个不同的阶段对外来词进行了调查：a)外来词首次出现在英语写作中的日期；b)它们出现的可靠性和英语社会的接受性；c)有问题的词汇的生产力。对西班牙语和葡萄牙语、意大利语、豪萨语和斯瓦希里语以及埃塞俄比亚语的阿拉伯语外来词进行了多次研究，为坎农的贡献奠定了基础；英语本身包含了来自多种语言的大量外来词，这本词典进一步试图说明接触中的语言是如何相互联系的。本词典提供的数据完全来自Lexica和Sax Rohmer的小说(第8-9页)。所有的词条都是书面的，而不是口头的，在某种程度上，人们可能会争辩说，这本词典没有代表真实的英语样本。有人会想，为什么罗默的小说被选为阿拉伯借词的例子。他的小说似乎在世界各地被广泛阅读，阿拉伯语、波斯语和土耳其语的借用给那些阅读和吸收他的语言的人带来了一种东方的神秘感；因此，外来词被收入了牛津英语词典和韦伯斯特词典。坎农的词典使用的是罗马字母，而不是阿拉伯语。在词源上，并不是所有的词都有音译。当认为这些单词包含所有阿拉伯语发音时，保留了英文词条的拼写：
This work was modelled on Pfeffer and Cannon's German loanwords in English: An historical dictionary (1994). It is comprehensive in that it gives as many details as necessary for any scholar or general reader to consult. Pfeffer and Cannon's historical dictionary underwent several stages of experimentation before it reached a method and approach ideal for future models of etymological investigation. The contribution of the Arabs and Islam to world culture is well known in areas such as chemistry and astronomy and during the Crusade period of the twelfth century. Arabic loanwords in English are many and diverse; some entered the language directly but others came via other languages which were in turn influenced by Arabic during the Islamic expansion between the ninth and fourteenth centuries. Cannon, in collaboration with Alan S. Kaye, investigates loanwords in three separate stages: a) the date they first appeared in English writing; b) the reliability of their occurrence and acceptability by the English-speaking society; and c) the productivity of the lexemes in question. Several attempts to study Arabic loanwords in Spanish and Portuguese, Italian, Hausa and Swahili, and Ethiopian languages have laid the platform for Cannon's contribution; English itself contains a large inventory of loanwords from many languages and this dictionary is a further attempt to show how languages in contact interrelate. The data presented in this dictionary have been collected entirely from lexica and Sax Rohmer's novels (pp. 8-9). All the entries are written rather than oral forms, and in some way one may argue that the dictionary falls short of representing true specimens of English. One would wonder why Rohmer's novels were chosen as the provider of examples of Arabic loanwords. His novels seem to have been read widely around the world and the Arabic, Persian, and Turkish borrowings gave an oriental mystique to those who read and assimilated his language; hence, the loanwords made their way into the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's Dictionary. Cannon's dictionary employs the Roman alphabet instead of Arabic. Not all words bear the phonemic transliteration in the etymology. The English entry-spelling was maintained when it was considered that such words incorporated all the Arabic sounds: