BACK TO WOODWORTH - ROLE OF INTERLOPERS IN THE TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENON
BACK TO WOODWORTH - ROLE OF INTERLOPERS IN THE TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENON
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03199558
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
JONES, GV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JONES, GV
当一个人说某个单词在他或她的舌尖上时，这个人通常会想起另一个与目标单词发音相似的单词。有人建议这些闯入者扮演两个相反的角色。一个较老的观点（Woodworth,1929）认为它们在舌尖状态（TOT）的发展中起着重要作用，因为它们阻碍了预期目标的成功检索。另一方面，最近的一种观点（R. Brown和McNeill， 1966）认为，闯入者倾向于通过促进对预定目标的完全检索而使TOT状态无效。在一项研究中，参与者被明确地提出了插话词。研究结果为伍德沃斯的假设提供了两方面的支持。首先，当闯入者的声音与目标相似时，出现更多的TOT状态。第二，在实际检索时间出现闯入者时，出现的TOT状态比在检索时间之前出现闯入者时更多。闯入者似乎倾向于通过阻碍检索来诱发TOT阶段，而不是通过促进检索来消除它们。
When a person reports that a word is on the tip of his or her tongue, that person often recalls instead another word that is similar in sound to the target word. Two opposite roles have been suggested for these interlopers. An older view (Woodworth,1929) holds that they are instrumental in the development of tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states because they obstruct successful retrieval of intended targets. A more recent view (R. Brown and McNeill, 1966) holds, on the other hand, that interlopers tend to nullify TOT states by facilitating complete retrieval of the intended targets. A study is reported in which participants were explicitly presented with interloper words. The results provide two planks of support for Woodworth''s hypothesis. First, more TOT states occurred when the interloper was similar in sound to the target than when it was not. Second, more TOT states occurred when the interloper was presented at the actual time of retrieval than when it was presented earlier. It appears that interlopers tend to induce TOT stages by obstructing retrieval, rather than to nullify them by facilitating retrieval.