Speech Understanding in Modulated Noise and Speech Maskers as a Function of Cognitive Status in Older Adults.
Speech Understanding in Modulated Noise and Speech Maskers as a Function of Cognitive Status in Older Adults.
复制标题
调制噪声和言语掩蔽器中的言语理解作为老年人认知状态的函数。
DOI：
10.1044/2021_aja-20-00177
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Helfer,KarenS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mamo,SaraK;Helfer,KarenS
目的 本研究的目的是调查不同类型的掩蔽器对老年人言语理解的影响（作为老年人认知状态的函数）。测试的假设是，被诊断为轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 或轻度痴呆的个体在调制噪声中的表现与年龄和听力状态匹配的对照组相同，但在存在竞争性语音的情况下表现会更差。设计参与者（n = 39；年龄范围：55-77 岁）执行噪声中语音任务，并完成两项认知筛选测试和工作记忆测量。句子是在两种类型的掩蔽器存在的情况下呈现的（即语音包络调制噪声和两个说话者、同性竞争语音）。进行了两项分析：(a) 对诊断为 MCI/痴呆症的个体、未通过认知筛查的个体（可能是 MCI）以及年龄和听力状态匹配的神经系统健康对照个体进行组间比较，以及 (b) 将言语感知表现方差作为工作记忆能力的函数进行混合模型分析。 结果组间比较在两种掩蔽条件下的言语理解方面产生了显着的组间差异，其中 MCI/痴呆组的表现比对照组更差神经系统健康的对照组和可能的 MCI 组。工作记忆的单一测量（大小比较跨度 [SICSPAN]）与竞争性语音条件下的语音感知任务表现相关。 结论 在两个掩蔽器存在的情况下，被诊断为 MCI 或轻度痴呆症的成年人在语音感知任务中的表现比年龄和听力状态匹配的对照者更差，当目标语音以两个说话者掩蔽器呈现时，组间平均差异更大。这表明 MCI/痴呆症患者在分散注意力的背景下理解言语的难度增加。未来的研究应该考虑如何针对这些潜在的弱势群体，因为他们在充满挑战的环境中可能会遇到越来越多的沟通困难。
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different types of maskers on speech understanding as a function of cognitive status in older adults. The hypothesis tested was that individuals with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia would perform like their age- and hearing status–matched control counterparts in modulated noise but would perform more poorly in the presence of competing speech.DesignParticipants (n= 39; age range: 55–77 years old) performed a speech-in-noise task and completed two cognitive screening tests and a measure of working memory. Sentences were presented in the presence of two types of maskers (i.e., speech envelope–modulated noise and two-talker, same-sex competing speech). Two analyses were undertaken: (a) a between-groups comparison of individuals diagnosed with MCI/dementia, individuals who failed both cognitive screeners (possible MCI), and age- and hearing status–matched neurologically healthy control individuals and (b) a mixed-model analysis of variance of speech perception performance as a function of working memory capacity.ResultsThe between-groups comparison yielded significant group differences for speech understanding in both masking conditions, with the MCI/dementia group performing more poorly than the neurologically healthy controls and possible MCI groups. A single measure of working memory (Size Comparison Span [SICSPAN]) was correlated with performance on the speech perception task in the competing speech conditions.ConclusionsAdults with a diagnosis of MCI or mild dementia performed more poorly on a speech perception task than their age- and hearing status–matched control counterparts in the presence of both maskers, with larger group mean differences when the target speech was presented in a two-talker masker. This suggests increased difficulty understanding speech in the presence of distracting backgrounds for people with MCI/dementia. Future studies should consider how to target this potentially vulnerable population as they may be experiencing increased difficulty communicating in challenging environments.