Effects of Intertidal Harvest Practices on Levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Bacteria in Oysters
Effects of Intertidal Harvest Practices on Levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Bacteria in Oysters
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00721-16
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bowers, J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones, J. L.;Kinsey, T. P.;Bowers, J. C.
副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌可在环境空气条件下的贝类中迅速生长，例如在潮间带暴露期间。在这项研究中，总和致病性（tdh（+）和/或trh（+））副溶血性弧菌和总创伤弧菌的水平进行了测定，从两个研究地点，其中潮间带收获的做法是常见的牡蛎。在暴露后（环境空气[华盛顿州]或冷藏[新泽西]）以及通过自然潮汐周期重新浸泡后，直接从潮间带采集样品。使用最大可能数（MPN）实时PCR方法处理样本，以检测总副溶血性弧菌和致病性创伤弧菌。在华盛顿州，潮间暴露后副溶血性弧菌的平均水平增加了1.38 log MPN/g，重新浸泡1天后下降了1.41 log MPN/g，但水平取决于使用的容器类型。致病性副溶血性弧菌水平也呈类似趋势。然而，在华盛顿的潮间暴露期间，创伤弧菌水平增加了0.10 log MPN/g，但在重新浸泡后下降了>1 log MPN/g。在新泽西，在冷藏分拣和集装箱化过程中，研究的所有弧菌的初始水平没有显着改变。然而，在再浸泡第一天后，总、tdh（+）和trh（+）副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌的水平分别增加了0.79、0.72、0.92和0.71 log MPN/g。所有目标的水平下降到那些类似的背景后，第二天的再浸泡。这些数据表明，在华盛顿和新泽西研究的牡蛎的潮间带收获和处理方法不会增加副溶血性弧菌或创伤弧菌的患病风险。重要的是，副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌是美国海产品相关传染病发病率和死亡率的主要原因。弧菌属在环境空气条件下，例如在潮间带暴露期间，可在贝类中迅速生长。当牡蛎被潮水淹没时，弧菌可以被清除。然而，有关潮间收获期间增加和清除率的数据很少，这限制了风险评估的准确性。本研究的目的是通过使用当前的行业实践，确定两个潮间带收获实践常见的牡蛎中的总和致病性（tdh（+）和/或trh（+））副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌水平，以帮助填补这些数据空白。产生的数据提供了深入了解弧菌属的反应。行业和公共卫生的相关做法，可纳入风险管理决策。
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus can grow rapidly in shellfish subjected to ambient air conditions, such as during intertidal exposure. In this study, levels of total and pathogenic (tdh(+) and/or trh(+)) V. parahaemolyticus and total V. vulnificus were determined in oysters collected from two study locations where intertidal harvest practices are common. Samples were collected directly off intertidal flats, after exposure (ambient air [Washington State] or refrigerated [New Jersey]), and after reimmersion by natural tidal cycles. Samples were processed using a most-probable-number (MPN) real-time PCR method for total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus or V. vulnificus. In Washington State, the mean levels of V. parahaemolyticus increased 1.38 log MPN/g following intertidal exposure and dropped 1.41 log MPN/g after reimmersion for 1 day, but the levels were dependent upon the container type utilized. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus levels followed a similar trend. However, V. vulnificus levels increased 0.10 log MPN/g during intertidal exposure in Washington but decreased by >1 log MPN/g after reimmersion. In New Jersey, initial levels of all vibrios studied were not significantly altered during the refrigerated sorting and containerizing process. However, there was an increase in levels after the first day of reimmersion by 0.79, 0.72, 0.92, and 0.71 log MPN/g for total, tdh(+) and trh(+) V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, respectively. The levels of all targets decreased to those similar to background after a second day of reimmersion. These data indicate that the intertidal harvest and handling practices for oysters that were studied in Washington and New Jersey do not increase the risk of illness from V. parahaemolyticus or V. vulnificus.IMPORTANCEVibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in the United States. Vibrio spp. can grow rapidly in shellfish subjected to ambient air conditions, such as during periods of intertidal exposure. When oysters are submersed with the incoming tide, the vibrios can be purged. However, data on the rates of increase and purging during intertidal harvest are scarce, which limits the accuracy of risk assessments. The objective of this study was to help fill these data gaps by determining the levels of total and pathogenic (tdh(+) and/or trh(+)) V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in oysters from two locations where intertidal harvest practices are common, using the current industry practices. The data generated provide insight into the responses of Vibrio spp. to relevant practices of the industry and public health, which can be incorporated into risk management decisions.