Stamped multilayer graphene laminates for disposable in-field electrodes: application to electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
Stamped multilayer graphene laminates for disposable in-field electrodes: application to electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
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DOI：
10.1007/s00604-019-3639-7
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Loreen R Stromberg;John Hondred;Delaney Sanborn;Deyny L Mendivelso-Pérez;S. Ramesh;I. Rivero;Josh Kogot;Emily A. Smith;C. Gomes;J. Claussen
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文献类型：
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作者：
Loreen R Stromberg;John Hondred;Delaney Sanborn;Deyny L Mendivelso-Pérez;S. Ramesh;I. Rivero;Josh Kogot;Emily A. Smith;C. Gomes;J. Claussen
描述了用于制造多层石墨烯基电极而不需要油墨粘合剂或印刷后退火的多步骤方法。使用改进的Hummers方法化学剥离石墨和纳米片石墨烯，并使干燥的材料热膨胀。在3D打印模具和印模中使用膨胀材料，以在各种基板上创建层压电极。使用过氧化物（H2 O2）和酶促葡萄糖检测的模型系统的潜在传感应用的层压板进行了检查。在这两个测定系统的背景下，铂纳米颗粒电沉积和氧等离子体处理作为提高灵敏度的方法进行了检查。与丝网印刷碳电极相比，由这两种材料制成的电极显示出优异的H2 O2传感能力。由膨胀石墨制成并经铂处理的层压板在0.3 V（vs. Ag/AgCl [0.1 M KCl]）的工作电位下检测H2 O2，检测限为1.91 μM，灵敏度为64 nA·μM−1·cm−2。由铂处理的纳米片石墨烯制成的电极具有1.98 μM（0.3 V）的H2 O2检测限和16.5 nA·μM−1·cm−2的灵敏度。两种类型的层压电极也通过固定化的酶葡萄糖氧化酶作为葡萄糖传感器进行了测试。膨胀的纳米石墨烯材料表现出对葡萄糖的宽分析范围（3.7 μM至9.9 mM）和1.2 μM的检测限。由膨胀石墨制成的层压板的传感范围略有降低（9.8 μM至9.9 mM），葡萄糖的检测限更高（18.5 μM）。当在柔性基材上进行测试时，膨胀石墨层压板在测试期间表现出优异的粘附性和耐久性。这些特性使电极适用于各种测试的领域为基础的或可穿戴的传感application.Graphical abstractionExpanded石墨（eGR）和膨胀的纳米片石墨烯（nGN）的化学剥离，热膨胀，并手动冲压成柔性的多层石墨烯层压电极。eGR层压板与nGN层压板和丝网印刷碳（SPC）电极相比的过氧化氢安培测试。
A multi-step approach is described for the fabrication of multi-layer graphene-based electrodes without the need for ink binders or post-print annealing. Graphite and nanoplatelet graphene were chemically exfoliated using a modified Hummers’ method and the dried material was thermally expanded. Expanded materials were used in a 3D printed mold and stamp to create laminate electrodes on various substrates. The laminates were examined for potential sensing applications using model systems of peroxide (H2O2) and enzymatic glucose detection. Within the context of these two assay systems, platinum nanoparticle electrodeposition and oxygen plasma treatment were examined as methods for improving sensitivity. Electrodes made from both materials displayed excellent H2O2sensing capability compared to screen-printed carbon electrodes. Laminates made from expanded graphite and treated with platinum, detected H2O2at a working potential of 0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl [0.1 M KCl]) with a 1.91 μM detection limit and sensitivity of 64 nA·μM−1·cm−2. Electrodes made from platinum treated nanoplatelet graphene had a H2O2detection limit of 1.98 μM (at 0.3 V), and a sensitivity of 16.5 nA·μM−1·cm−2. Both types of laminate electrodes were also tested as glucose sensors via immobilization of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The expanded nanographene material exhibited a wide analytical range for glucose (3.7 μM to 9.9 mM) and a detection limit of 1.2 μM. The sensing range of laminates made from expanded graphite was slightly reduced (9.8 μM to 9.9 mM) and the detection limit for glucose was higher (18.5 μM). When tested on flexible substrates, the expanded graphite laminates demonstrated excellent adhesion and durability during testing. These properties make the electrodes adaptable to a variety of tests for field-based or wearable sensing applications.Graphical abstractExpanded graphite (eGR) and expanded nanoplatelet graphene (nGN) were chemically exfoliated, thermally expanded, and manually stamped into flexible multi-layer graphene laminate electrodes. Hydrogen peroxide amperometric testing of eGR laminates compared to nGN laminates and a screen printed carbon (SPC) electrode.