Feet, heat and scallops: what is the cost of anthropogenic disturbance in bivalve aquaculture?
Feet, heat and scallops: what is the cost of anthropogenic disturbance in bivalve aquaculture?
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.150679
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Chauvaud L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robson AA;Halsey LG;Chauvaud L
非自然干扰对动物行为和能量学的影响是动物保护和商业生产的一个重要问题。生物学可以估计这些干扰的能量成本，但不能具体地估计这些成本对生长的影响；对畜牧企业来说，这是一个关键的结果衡量标准。我们观察了帝王扇贝的自然和人为诱导的活动和能量消耗随温度的变化。这些数据随后被用于模拟在不同温度和人为干扰水平下养殖的王扇贝的生长时间。扇贝表现出典型的总代谢率(MR) -温度曲线，在中等温度下达到峰值。他们的MR总量中与旋转和游泳有关的比例，对干扰的行为反应是相当可观的。有趣的是，随着温度升高，与给定活动水平相关的核磁共振活动减少；迄今为止在任何物种中都没有报道过这种关系。模型结果表明，在完全不受干扰时扇贝生长的最佳环境温度与减轻人为干扰引起的能源成本之间，孵卵场应该设定一个权衡。此外，该模型表明，这种权衡受到扇贝大小的影响。水产养殖设施通常有控制措施来限制人类活动的影响，但目前的数据表明，孵化场可能被建议考虑更多的控制措施是否可以进一步减少外来的扇贝行为，从而提高扇贝产量和改善财务利润率。
The effects of unnatural disturbances on the behaviour and energetics of animals are an important issue for conservation and commercial animal production. Biologging enables estimation of the energy costs of these disturbances, but not specifically the effect these costs have on growth; a key outcome measure for animal farming enterprises. We looked at how natural and anthropogenically induced activity and energy expenditure of king scallops Pecten maximus varies with temperature. These data were then used to model growth time of king scallops reared in an aquaculture facility under different temperatures and anthropogenic disturbance levels. The scallops exhibited a typical total metabolic rate (MR)–temperature curve, with a peak reached at a middling temperature. The percentage of their total MR associated with spinning and swimming, behavioural responses to disturbance, was considerable. Interestingly, as temperature increased, the activity MR associated with a given level of activity decreased; a hitherto unreported relationship in any species. The model results suggest there is a trade-off in the ambient temperature that should be set by hatcheries between the optimal for scallop growth if completely undisturbed versus mitigating against the energy costs elicited by anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, the model indicates that this trade-off is affected by scallop size. Aquaculture facilities typically have controls to limit the impact of human activities, yet the present data indicate that hatcheries may be advised to consider whether more controls could further decrease extraneous scallop behaviours, resulting in enhanced scallop yields and improved financial margins.