Emotional engagements predict and enhance social cognition in young chimpanzees
Emotional engagements predict and enhance social cognition in young chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12145
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Leavens, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bard, Kim A.;Bakeman, Roger;Leavens, David A.
婴儿期的社会认知在协调的三重参与中很明显，即婴儿与社会伙伴和物体共同参与。目前灵长类社会认知的进化理论倾向于强调基于人类独特合作动机的认知差异。我们考虑一个发展模型，其中的参与经验产生不同的结果。我们进行了一项长达10年的研究，其中两组实验室饲养的黑猩猩婴儿获得了量化的不同参与体验。在5到12个月大的黑猩猩中测量了联合注意力、合作性、情感和不同水平的认知，并与来自规范人类数据库的结果进行了比较。我们发现，所有婴儿的联合注意力技能在整个发育过程中都有显著提高，但到了12个月时，人类明显超过了黑猩猩。我们发现，人类的合作性是稳定的，但到了12个月，给予丰富参与经验的黑猩猩组明显超过了人类。过去的参与经验和并发的影响是显着的独特的预测联合注意力和合作在5至12个月大的黑猩猩。当投入的经验和并发的影响进行了统计控制，共同关注和合作没有关联。我们解释了差异的社会认知结果方面的重大影响，以前的参与经验和影响，除了认知。我们的研究强调了支持进化连续性的社会认知出现的发展过程。
Social cognition in infancy is evident in coordinated triadic engagements, that is, infants attending jointly with social partners and objects. Current evolutionary theories of primate social cognition tend to highlight species differences in cognition based on human-unique cooperative motives. We consider a developmental model in which engagement experiences produce differential outcomes. We conducted a 10-year-long study in which two groups of laboratory-raised chimpanzee infants were given quantifiably different engagement experiences. Joint attention, cooperativeness, affect, and different levels of cognition were measured in 5- to 12-month-old chimpanzees, and compared to outcomes derived from a normative human database. We found that joint attention skills significantly improved across development for all infants, but by 12months, the humans significantly surpassed the chimpanzees. We found that cooperativeness was stable in the humans, but by 12months, the chimpanzee group given enriched engagement experiences significantly surpassed the humans. Past engagement experiences and concurrent affect were significant unique predictors of both joint attention and cooperativeness in 5- to 12-month-old chimpanzees. When engagement experiences and concurrent affect were statistically controlled, joint attention and cooperation were not associated. We explain differential social cognition outcomes in terms of the significant influences of previous engagement experiences and affect, in addition to cognition. Our study highlights developmental processes that underpin the emergence of social cognition in support of evolutionary continuity.