ATTENTION AND RETRIEVAL FROM LONG-TERM-MEMORY
ATTENTION AND RETRIEVAL FROM LONG-TERM-MEMORY
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.113.4.518
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
THOMSON, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BADDELEY, A;LEWIS, V;THOMSON, N
对152名女性志愿者(平均年龄44.4岁)进行了9个实验，以考察二次任务对长时记忆提取的干扰效应。实验I-V研究了并发卡片分类或数字广度对单词列表的自由回忆或配对联想学习的影响。EXP VI使用一种可以同时测量准确度和潜伏期的识别范式来探索回忆概率。实验七用语义记忆范式探讨了潜伏期效应，实验要求学生在保留6位数字序列的同时进行语义类别判断。实验九考察了并发数字负载对从语义类别生成条目的速度的影响。总体研究结果显示，高要求的并发任务不会降低从语义或情景记忆中提取项目的概率。然而，学习过程中的并发负荷显著影响回忆成绩。检索过程中的并发任务对延迟没有明显的影响。错误显示的模式与延迟显示的模式之间的对比表明，在基于单一测量(如性能错误、性能延迟或对探测器RT信号的响应)来尝试估计任何任务的注意力需求时，应相当谨慎地解释。(参考文献38)(心理信息数据库记录(C)2016 APA，保留所有权利)
Conducted 9 experiments with 152 female volunteers (mean age 44.4 yrs) to investigate the disrupting effect of a secondary task on retrieval from long-term memory. Exps I–V studied the influence of concurrent card sorting or digit span on free recall or paired-associate learning of word lists. Exp VI explored recall probability using a recognition paradigm in which accuracy and latency could be measured simultaneously. Exp VII explored the latency effect with a semantic memory paradigm, and Exp VIII required Ss to make semantic category judgments while retaining sequences of 6 digits. Exp IX examined the effect of concurrent digital load on the rate of generating items from semantic categories. Overall findings reveal that a demanding concurrent task did not reduce the probability of retrieving an item from semantic or episodic memory. However, concurrent load during learning substantially effected recall performance. A concurrent task during retrieval did not have a clear effect on latency. The contrast between the pattern shown by errors and by that shown by latencies suggests that attempts to estimate the attentional demands of any task should be interpreted with considerable caution when based on a single measure, such as performance errors, performance latency, or a response to a probe RT signal.(38 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)