The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.026
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Guwy, Alan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara;Dinsdale, Richard M.;Guwy, Alan J.
英国南威尔士地区对56种药品、个人护理产品、内分泌干扰物和非法药物(PPCP)的存在和去向进行了调查。本次调查选择了两条截然不同的河流：塔夫河和伊利河，并对它们进行了为期10个月的监测。此外，还研究了影响地表水中PPCPs和非法药物浓度水平的因素，如周边地区、污水排放的距离和天气条件，主要是降雨。PPCPs主要存在于河水中，浓度最高可达1微克L(-1)，其水平主要取决于降雨对水的稀释程度。经处理的废水排入河道是造成PPCP水污染的主要原因。最频繁检测到的PPCP代表威尔士社区最高级别分配的药物组。这些药物是抗菌药物(甲氧苄啶、红霉素-H(2)O和阿莫西林)、抗炎/止痛药(扑热息痛、曲马多、可待因、萘普生、布洛芬和双氯芬酸)和抗癫痫药物(卡马西平和加巴喷丁)。在研究过程中，56个PPCP中只有4个(辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、地高辛和地高辛)没有被量化。在水环境中发现了几种PPCPs(如红霉素-H(2)O、可待因、卡马西平、加巴喷丁和valsartan)。PPCPs的计算平均每日负荷量显示，总共有近6公斤受研究的PPCPs每天排放到受研究的河流中。所研究的非法药物是在低水平的河流中发现的，L(-1)。安非他明、可卡因及其主要代谢物苯甲酰ecGonine的日平均负荷量分别为8、1.2和39g d(-1)，它们在地表水中的频繁出现主要与它们的高非法使用有关，并与未经充分处理的废水的排放密切相关。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The presence and fate of 56 pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs (PPCPs) were investigated in the South Wales region of the UK. Two contrasting rivers: River Taff and River Ely were chosen for this investigation and were monitored for a period of 10 months. The impact of the factors affecting the levels of concentration of PPCPs and illicit drugs in surface water such as surrounding area, proximity to wastewater effluent and weather conditions, mainly rainfall was also investigated.Most PPCPs were frequently found in river water at concentrations reaching single mu g L(-1) and their levels depended mainly on the extent of water dilution resulting from rainfall. Discharge of treated wastewater effluent into the river course was found to be the main cause of water contamination with PPCPs. The most frequently detected PPCPs represent the group of pharmaceuticals dispensed at the highest levels in the Welsh community. These were antibacterial drugs (trimethoprim, erythromycin-H(2)O and amoxicillin), anti-inflammatories/analgesics (paracetamol, tramadol, codeine, naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac) and antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine and gabapentin). Only four PPCPs out of 56 (simvastatin, pravastatin, digoxin and digoxigenin) were not quantified over the course of the study. Several PPCPs were found to be both ubiquitous and persistent in the aqueous environment (e.g. erythromycin-H(2)O, codeine, carbamazepine, gabapentin and valsartan). The calculated average daily loads of PPCPs indicated that in total almost 6 kg of studied PPCPs are discharged daily into the studied rivers.The illicit drugs studied were found in rivers at low levels of ng L(-1). Average daily loads of amphetamine, cocaine and its main metabolite benzoylecgonine were as follows: 8, 1.2 and 39 g day(-1), respectively Their frequent occurrence in surface water is primarily associated with their high illegal usage and is strongly associated with the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater effluent. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.