Neurostimulation Devices for Cognitive Enhancement: Toward a Comprehensive Regulatory Framework
Neurostimulation Devices for Cognitive Enhancement: Toward a Comprehensive Regulatory Framework
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DOI：
10.1007/s12152-014-9225-0
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Dubljevic, Veljko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dubljevic, Veljko
越来越多的证据表明，非侵入性脑刺激装置-经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和经颅磁刺激（TMS）可以用于认知增强。然而，与兴奋剂药物相比，围绕此类刺激装置使用的监管环境并不明确——这一事实已经被几家公司商业化利用。本文综述了非侵入性神经刺激装置的作用机制、使用和不良影响，以及与使用它们作为认知增强有关的社会和伦理挑战。概述了两种可用于促进负责任地使用这些设备作为产品和服务的监管方法。除了建立迫切需要的综合监管框架外，它们可能为建立tDCS和TMS增强使用的长期生理和社会效应提供一个起点。
There is mounting evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation devices - transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be used for cognitive enhancement. However, the regulatory environment surrounding such uses of stimulation devices is less clear than for stimulant drugs-a fact that has already been commercially exploited by several companies. In this paper, the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of non-invasive neurostimulation devices are reviewed, along with social and ethical challenges pertaining to their use as cognitive enhancements. Two regulatory approaches that could be used to facilitate responsible use of these devices as products and services are outlined. Apart from establishing the urgently needed comprehensive regulatory framework, they might provide a starting point for establishing long term physiological and social effects of enhancement uses of tDCS and TMS.