Convergence vs. Specialization in the ear region of moles (mammalia)
Convergence vs. Specialization in the ear region of moles (mammalia)
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20391
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Asher, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crumpton, Nick;Kardjilov, Nikolay;Asher, Robert J.
我们调查了内耳区域是否以及如何在小型、食虫动物级哺乳动物中经历类似的适应，并发现了各种内耳表型。在我们的样本中，非洲鼹鼠（Chrysochloridae）和有袋类Notoryctes不同于大多数其他穴居哺乳动物在其相对较短的半径半规管曲率; chrysochlorides和fossorial talpids共享一个相对较长的壶腹间宽度。金氯虫的独特之处在于它有一个高度卷曲的耳蜗，几乎有四圈。广泛的耳蜗线圈可能反映了他们更大的生态依赖低频听觉线索相比，talpids，tenrecids，和有袋类Notoryctes。相应地，其他掘穴物种的内耳缺乏这种广泛的卷曲，可能表明他们更依赖于其他感官来实现他们的掘穴生活方式，例如来自触须和艾默氏器官的触觉。黄绿石对声音的依赖在其高度的盘绕和锤骨类型的多样性中是显而易见的，这可能有助于解释该群体中缺乏任何半水生成员。最简单的锤状类型的金氯虫中不存在于该分支的最基部的成员，但所有现存的金氯虫调查到目前为止表现出广泛的耳蜗卷曲。因此，chrysochlorides耳区表现出马赛克的演变，我们的数据表明，广泛的卷曲演变chrysochlorides之前，独立的多样化中耳小骨的大小和形状。J. Morphol. 276：900-914，2015. (c)2015 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
We investigated if and how the inner ear region undergoes similar adaptations in small, fossorial, insectivoran-grade mammals, and found a variety of inner ear phenotypes. In our sample, afrotherian moles (Chrysochloridae) and the marsupial Notoryctes differ from most other burrowing mammals in their relatively short radii of semicircular canal curvature; chrysochlorids and fossorial talpids share a relatively long interampullar width. Chrysochlorids are unique in showing a highly coiled cochlea with nearly four turns. Extensive cochlear coiling may reflect their greater ecological dependence on low frequency auditory cues compared to talpids, tenrecids, and the marsupial Notoryctes. Correspondingly, the lack of such extensive coiling in the inner ear of other fossorial species may indicate a greater reliance on other senses to enable their fossorial lifestyle, such as tactile sensation from vibrissae and Eimer's organs. The reliance of chrysochlorids on sound is evident in the high degree of coiling and in the diversity of its mallear types, and may help explain the lack of any semiaquatic members of that group. The simplest mallear types among chrysochlorids are not present in the basal-most members of that clade, but all extant chrysochlorids investigated to date exhibit extensive cochlear coiling. The chrysochlorid ear region thus exhibits mosaic evolution; our data suggest that extensive coiling evolved in chrysochlorids prior to and independently of diversification in middle ear ossicle size and shape. J. Morphol. 276:900-914, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.