Targeting interventions for ethnic minority and low-income populations
Targeting interventions for ethnic minority and low-income populations
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DOI：
10.1353/foc.2006.0005
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grier, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kumanyika, S;Grier, S
尽管总人口中的儿童肥胖率高得惊人，但少数族裔和低收入社区的儿童肥胖率仍然更高。这种差异给决策者和从业者规划肥胖预防策略带来了重大挑战。在这篇文章中，Shiriki Kumanyika 和 Sonya Grier 总结了不同种族和民族以及社会经济地位的儿童肥胖患病率差异。他们展示了各种环境因素如何对弱势群体和少数族裔儿童产生比对优势白人同龄人更大的影响，从而导致肥胖率的差异。例如，作者表明，低收入和少数族裔儿童比白人、非贫困儿童看更多的电视，并且在平均一个小时的电视节目中可能会接触到更多高热量、低营养食品的广告。他们指出，与富裕或白人为主的社区相比，低收入和少数族裔儿童居住的社区通常有更多的快餐店和更少的健康食品摊贩。他们列举了不安全的街道、破旧的公园和缺乏设施等阻碍体育活动的因素。然而，在低收入和少数民族儿童就读的学校中，他们看到了引领有效预防肥胖的机会。最后，作者研究了家庭环境的几个方面——母乳喂养、看电视和父母行为——这些方面可能会导致儿童肥胖，但可以通过有针对性的干预来改变。库曼伊卡和格里尔指出，旨在预防肥胖的政策制定者可以利用许多现有的政策杠杆来惠及少数族裔和低收入儿童和家庭：医疗补助、国家儿童健康保险计划和联邦营养“安全网”计划。最终，在少数族裔和低收入社区赢得与儿童肥胖的斗争将取决于国家改变这些社区存在的社会和自然环境的意愿。
Although rates of childhood obesity among the general population are alarmingly high, they are higher still in ethnic minority and low-income communities. The disparities pose a major challenge for policymakers and practitioners planning strategies for obesity prevention. In this article Shiriki Kumanyika and Sonya Grier summarize differences in childhood obesity prevalence by race and ethnicity and by socioeconomic status. They show how various environmental factors can have larger effects on disadvantaged and minority children than on their advantaged white peers-and thus contribute to disparities in obesity rates.The authors show, for example, that low-income and minority children watch more television than white, non-poor children and are potentially exposed to more commercials advertising high-calorie, low-nutrient food during an average hour of TV programming. They note that neighborhoods where low-income and minority children live typically have more fast-food restaurants and fewer vendors of healthful foods than do wealthier or predominantly white neighborhoods. They cite such obstacles to physical activity as unsafe streets, dilapidated parks, and lack of facilities. In the schools that low-income and minority children attend, however, they see opportunities to lead the way to effective obesity prevention. Finally, the authors examine several aspects of the home environment-breast-feeding, television viewing, and parental behaviors-that may contribute to childhood obesity but be amenable to change through targeted intervention.Kumanyika and Grier point out that policymakers aiming to prevent obesity can use many existing policy levers to reach ethnic minority and low-income children and families: Medicaid, the State Child Health Insurance Program, and federal nutrition "safety net" programs. Ultimately, winning the fight against childhood obesity in minority and low-income communities will depend on the nation's will to change the social and physical environments in which these communities exist.