On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery
On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery
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在前线：跟踪阿拉斯加贝类孵化场的海洋酸化
作者：
W. Evans;J. Mathis;J. Ramsay;Jeff Hetrick
人为二氧化碳（CO2）侵入海洋正在改变海洋碳酸盐系统，使碳酸钙（CaCO 3）矿物质的饱和状态正在下降，这对某些贝类物种的早期生命阶段产生了不利影响。全球，长期减少CaCO 3饱和状态是发生在沿海环境的大自然变化的背景之上;逐渐改变的变化的信封，并导致更长时间和更频繁地暴露于不利条件。这是阿拉斯加州的一个重大关切，阿拉斯加州是一个高纬度地区，容易受到海洋碳酸盐系统快速变化的影响，那里新兴的贝类产业计划在未来几十年内实现重大增长。目前，阿拉斯加州苏厄德的Apritiiq Pride贝类孵化场（APSH）是该州唯一的孵化场，生产许多贝类物种，其早期生命阶段已知对低CaCO 3饱和状态敏感。在这里，我们提出了第一个陆基OA测量在阿拉斯加贝类孵化场，并详细说明了文石（Ωarag）的饱和状态的趋势，更可溶形式的碳酸钙，在10个月的时间内，在APSH海水供应。这些数据表明，最大的变化是在季节时间尺度上，冬季和秋季的次优Ωarag水平（Ωarag < 1.5）的延长期分别与水柱呼吸升高和短暂径流事件相关。这些数据指出了一个5个月的缓刑窗口，其有利的Ωarag条件高于次优Ωarag阈值，根据预测的上限二氧化碳排放轨迹，估计到2040年将关闭。到目前为止，许多物种在生产APSH仍然未经测试，在他们的反应OA，这里提供的数据建立在APSH目前的条件，以及提供一个框架，在阿拉斯加孵化为基础的测量。在APSH看到的当前和预期条件是必不可少的考虑这个发展中的阿拉斯加工业。
The invasion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean is shifting the marine carbonate system such that saturation states of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals are decreasing, and this is having a detrimental impact on early life stages of select shellfish species. The global, secular decrease in CaCO3 saturation states is occurring on top of a backdrop of large natural variability in coastal settings; progressively shifting the envelope of variability and leading to longer and more frequent exposure to adverse conditions. This is a great concern in the State of Alaska, a high-latitude setting vulnerable to rapid changes in the marine carbonate system, where an emerging shellfish industry plans major growth over the coming decades. Currently, the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery (APSH) in Seward, Alaska is the only hatchery in the state, and produces many shellfish species with early life stages known to be sensitive to low CaCO3 saturation states. Here we present the first land-based OA measurements made in an Alaskan shellfish hatchery, and detail the trends in the saturation state of aragonite (Ωarag), the more soluble form of CaCO3, over a 10-month period in the APSH seawater supply. These data indicate the largest changes are on the seasonal time scale, with extended periods of sub-optimal Ωarag levels (Ωarag < 1.5) in winter and autumn associated with elevated water column respiration and short-lived runoff events, respectively. The data pinpoint a 5-month window of reprieve with favorable Ωarag conditions above the sub-optimal Ωarag threshold, which under predicted upper-bound CO2 emissions trajectories is estimated to close by 2040. To date, many species in production at APSH remain untested in their response to OA, and the data presented here establish the current conditions at APSH as well as provide a framework for hatchery-based measurements in Alaska. The current and expected conditions seen at APSH are essential to consider for this developing Alaskan industry.