In Vitro Model of Neuroinflammation: Efficacy of Cannabigerol, a Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid
In Vitro Model of Neuroinflammation: Efficacy of Cannabigerol, a Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms19071992
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Mazzon, Emanuela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gugliandolo, Agnese;Pollastro, Federica;Mazzon, Emanuela
炎症和氧化应激在神经退行性变中起主要作用。有趣的是，不同的天然化合物可能能够对炎症和氧化应激发挥神经保护作用，防止神经元细胞损失。在这些天然来源中，大麻代表了发挥有益特性的化合物的储存库，包括大麻酚（CBG），其抗氧化特性已经在巨噬细胞中得到证实。在这里，我们旨在评估CBG保护NSC-34运动神经元免受lps刺激的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞诱导的毒性的能力。通过MTT实验，我们观察到CBG预处理能够降低lps刺激巨噬细胞培养基诱导的NSC-34细胞活力丧失。事实上，CBG预处理抑制了细胞凋亡，如caspase 3激活和Bax表达降低，而Bcl-2水平升高。此外，CBG预处理不仅抵消了炎症，正如免疫细胞化学评估的IL-1 β、tnf - α、ifn - γ和PPAR γ蛋白水平的降低所证明的那样，而且还抵消了用lps刺激的RAW 264.7培养基处理的NSC-34细胞的氧化应激。事实上，免疫细胞化学显示CBG预处理降低了硝基酪氨酸、SOD1和iNOS蛋白水平，并恢复了Nrf-2水平。综上所述，这些结果表明CBG的神经保护作用，可能是对抗神经炎症和氧化应激的潜在治疗方法。
Inflammation and oxidative stress play main roles in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, different natural compounds may be able to exert neuroprotective actions against inflammation and oxidative stress, protecting from neuronal cell loss. Among these natural sources, Cannabis sativa represents a reservoir of compounds exerting beneficial properties, including cannabigerol (CBG), whose antioxidant properties have already been demonstrated in macrophages. Here, we aimed to evaluate the ability of CBG to protect NSC-34 motor neurons against the toxicity induced from the medium of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Using MTT assay, we observed that CBG pre-treatment was able to reduce the loss of cell viability induced by the medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages in NSC-34 cells. Indeed, CBG pre-treatment inhibited apoptosis, as shown by the reduction of caspase 3 activation and Bax expression, while Bcl-2 levels increased. Furthermore, CBG pre-treatment counteracted not only inflammation, as demonstrated by the reduction of IL-1 beta TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and PPAR gamma protein levels assessed by immunocytochemistry, but also oxidative stress in NSC-34 cells treated with the medium of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7. Indeed, immunocytochemistry showed that CBG pre-treatment reduced nitrotyrosine, SOD1 and iNOS protein levels and restored Nrf-2 levels. All together, these results indicated the neuroprotective effects of CBG, that may be a potential treatment against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.