Kinematic response in limb and body posture to sensory feedback from carpal sinus hairs in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
Kinematic response in limb and body posture to sensory feedback from carpal sinus hairs in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.zool.2017.02.001
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sandra Niederschuh;T. Helbig;K. Zimmermann;H. Witte;Manuela Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sandra Niederschuh;T. Helbig;K. Zimmermann;H. Witte;Manuela Schmidt
兽目动物最具挑战性的适应之一是在高度结构化的环境中快速移动时确保躯干的动态稳定性。肢体力学的重组和新传感器的开发已经在它们的干细胞谱系中发生。老鼠的生活方式与第一代兽亚目恐龙相似，它们拥有专门用于触觉感知的窦毛。据推测，腕窦毛有一个作用，在传感基板的属性，并因此可以诱导调整肢体运动学和身体姿势，根据不同的表面直径和结构检测。这意味着窦毛和身体姿势有一个共同的感觉运动控制回路。为了研究腕窦毛在运动过程中的作用，并探讨肢体和脊柱运动之间可能的相互作用，对时空和运动学参数以及毛与表面的接触力学进行了量化。在0.2 m/s至0.6 m/s的速度范围内，在存在/不存在腕窦毛的情况下，比较了连续和不连续基质在跑步机上的运动。使用X射线荧光透视和正常光高速摄像机同步记录。我们的研究表明，三个触觉毛与地面接触三角形约30毫秒前的前肢触地。在这段时间内，很可能根据不同的表面纹理来调整身体姿势及其摆动。腕窦毛的感觉输入诱导了质心轨迹的稳定，因此提高了躯干的动态稳定性;相反，传感器的缺失导致了更蜷缩的正面身体姿势，类似于大鼠在未知地形中移动时所看到的姿势。腕骨窦毛也能感知动物在表面接触时的速度。这意味着肢体和脊柱运动学的调整，通过增加速度依赖性效应或通过增加大鼠走得更快时躯干和地面之间的距离。
One of the most challenging adaptations within the therians has been to ensure dynamic stability of the trunk during rapid locomotion in highly structured environments. A reorganization of limb mechanics and development of new sensors has taken place within their stem lineage. Rats, which have a similar lifestyle to the first therians, possess sinus hairs specialized for tactile sensing. It is supposed that carpal sinus hairs have a role in sensing substrate properties and can thus induce adjustments in limb kinematics and body posture according to the different surface diameters and structures detected. This implies a shared sensorimotor control loop of sinus hairs and body posture. To investigate the role of the carpal sinus hairs during locomotion and to explore a possible interaction between limb and spine motion, spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters as well as the contact mechanics of the hairs with regard to the surface were quantified. Locomotion on a treadmill with continuous and discontinuous substrates was compared in the presence/absence of the carpal sinus hairs across a speed range from 0.2 m/s to 0.6 m/s. Recordings were taken synchronously using x-ray fluoroscopy and normal-light high-speed cameras. Our investigation revealed that the three tactile hairs made a triangle-like contact with the ground approximately 30 ms before touchdown of the forelimb. Within that time, it is likely that both the body posture and its oscillation are adjusted according to the different surface textures. The sensory input of the carpal sinus hairs induces a stabilization of the trajectory of the center of mass and, therefore, improves the dynamic stability of the trunk; conversely, the absence of the sensors results in a more crouched frontal body posture, similar to that seen in rats when they are moving in an unknown terrain. The carpal sinus hairs also sense the animal's speed during surface contact. This implicates an adjustment of the limb and spine kinematics, by increasing the speed-dependent effect or by increasing the distance between the trunk and the ground when the rat is walking faster.