Stereotype content model across cultures: towards universal similarities and some differences.
Stereotype content model across cultures: towards universal similarities and some differences.
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DOI：
10.1348/014466608x314935
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发表时间：
2009-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ziegler R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cuddy AJ;Fiske ST;Kwan VS;Glick P;Demoulin S;Leyens JP;Bond MH;Croizet JC;Ellemers N;Sleebos E;Htun TT;Kim HJ;Maio G;Perry J;Petkova K;Todorov V;Rodríguez-Bailón R;Morales E;Moya M;Palacios M;Smith V;Perez R;Vala J;Ziegler R
刻板印象内容模型（SCM）提出了社会刻板印象及其与社会结构关系的潜在普遍原则。在这里，SCM揭示了10个非美国国家的理论基础，跨文化，跨群体的相似性和一个差异。七个欧洲（个人主义）和三个东亚（集体主义）国家（N = 1,028）支持三个假设的跨文化相似性：(a)感知到的温暖和能力可靠地区分社会群体刻板印象；(b)许多外群体接受矛盾的刻板印象（一方面高，另一方面低）；(c)地位高的群体通常是有能力的，而竞争激烈的群体通常缺乏热情。数据揭示了一个重要的跨文化差异：(d)与个人主义文化不同，更集体主义的文化不会将参考群体（内群体和社会原型群体）定位在最积极的集群（高能力/高温暖）中。这表明了外群体的贬损，但没有明显的参照群体偏袒。SCM可以作为一种泛文化工具，从与社会中其他群体的结构关系中预测群体刻板印象，并在社会之间进行比较。
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N = 1, 028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross-cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in-groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high-competence/high-warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out-group derogation without obvious reference-group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.