Cardiomyopathy: an overview.
Cardiomyopathy: an overview.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
R. Wexler;T. Elton;A. Pleister;D. Feldman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Wexler;T. Elton;A. Pleister;D. Feldman
心肌病是与心脏肌肉或电功能障碍相关的解剖学和病理学诊断。心肌病代表一组异质性疾病，通常导致进行性心力衰竭，具有显着的发病率和死亡率。心肌病可能是原发性的（即遗传性、混合性或获得性）或继发性的（例如浸润性、中毒性、炎症性）。主要类型包括扩张型心肌病、肥厚型心肌病、限制性心肌病和致心律失常性右心室心肌病。尽管心肌病在早期阶段没有症状，但症状与任何类型心力衰竭的特征相同，可能包括气短、疲劳、咳嗽、端坐呼吸、阵发性夜间呼吸困难和水肿。诊断研究包括 B 型利钠肽水平、基线血清化学、心电图和超声心动图。治疗的目的是缓解心力衰竭的症状并降低心力衰竭相关的住院率和死亡率。治疗选择包括药物治疗、植入式心脏复律除颤器、心脏再同步治疗和心脏移植。建议改变生活方式包括限制饮酒、减肥、锻炼、戒烟和低钠饮食。
Cardiomyopathy is an anatomic and pathologic diagnosis associated with muscle or electrical dysfunction of the heart. Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that often lead to progressive heart failure with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiomyopathies may be primary (i.e., genetic, mixed, or acquired) or secondary (e.g., infiltrative, toxic, inflammatory). Major types include dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Although cardiomyopathy is asymptomatic in the early stages, symptoms are the same as those characteristically seen in any type of heart failure and may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and edema. Diagnostic studies include B-type natriuretic peptide levels, baseline serum chemistries, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Treatment is targeted at relieving the symptoms of heart failure and reducing rates of heart failure-related hospitalization and mortality. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and heart transplantation. Recommended lifestyle changes include restricting alcohol consumption, losing weight, exercising, quitting smoking, and eating a low-sodium diet.