Skewness in bee and flower phenological distributions
Skewness in bee and flower phenological distributions
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蜜蜂和花卉物候分布的偏度
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3890
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Irwin, Rebecca E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stemkovski, Michael;Dickson, Rachel G.;Griffin, Sean R.;Inouye, Brian D.;Inouye, David W.;Pardee, Gabriella L.;Underwood, Nora;Irwin, Rebecca E.
物候分布以它们的中心趋势、广度和形状为特征，这三个特征决定了相互作用的物种在时间上重叠的程度。授粉互惠依赖于传粉者和它们的花卉资源的时间共生，尽管人们已经做了很多工作来表征花物候分布的形状，但包括传粉者的类似研究还很少。在这里，我们为蜜蜂群落提供了第一个广泛的偏度评估，偏度是分布形状的一个组成部分。我们比较了蜜蜂和花的偏斜度，将蜜蜂和花的偏斜度与它们物候的其他特性联系起来，并量化了蜜蜂和花之间的偏斜度差异的潜在后果。蜜蜂和花卉的物候都倾向于右偏，蜜蜂的不对称性更加夸张。早期季节的物种往往是最偏向的，这种关系在蜜蜂身上也比在花朵中更强。根据一项模拟实验，蜜蜂和花朵偏斜度的差异可以解释高达14%的成对重叠差异。考虑到相互作用损失的可能性，我们认为相互作用物种的偏斜度的差异是物候变化的一个被低估的属性。
Phenological distributions are characterized by their central tendency, breadth, and shape, and all three determine the extent to which interacting species overlap in time. Pollination mutualisms rely on temporal co‐occurrence of pollinators and their floral resources, and although much work has been done to characterize the shapes of flower phenological distributions, similar studies that include pollinators are lacking. Here, we provide the first broad assessment of skewness, a component of distribution shape, for a bee community. We compare skewness in bees to that in flowers, relate bee and flower skewness to other properties of their phenology, and quantify the potential consequences of differences in skewness between bees and flowers. Both bee and flower phenologies tend to be right‐skewed, with a more exaggerated asymmetry in bees. Early‐season species tend to be the most skewed, and this relationship is also stronger in bees than in flowers. Based on a simulation experiment, differences in bee and flower skewness could account for up to 14% of pairwise overlap differences. Given the potential for interaction loss, we argue that difference in skewness of interacting species is an underappreciated property of phenological change.
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