Measurement of dietary intake in children
Measurement of dietary intake in children
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665100000318
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Robson, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Livingstone, MBE;Robson, PJ
当儿童和青少年是饮食调查的目标人群时，许多不同的受访者和观察者的考虑因素浮出水面。自我报告食物摄入量所需的认知能力包括充分发展的时间概念、良好的记忆力和注意力广度以及对食物名称的了解。从8岁开始，儿童自我报告食物摄入量的能力迅速增强。然而，尽管认知能力应该在青春期得到充分发展，但动机和身体形象的问题可能会阻碍报告的意愿。对能量摄入量数据的十项验证研究表明，很可能存在误报，通常是朝漏报的方向。漏报的模式随年龄而变化，并受到体重状况和所使用的饮食调查方法的影响。此外，饮食评估中存在受试者特定反应的证据挑战了反复测量饮食摄入量最终将获得有效数据的假设。不幸的是，与假定的能量需求相比，发现误报的能力是有限的，除非有详细的活动信息，以便对每个受试者的能量摄入量进行单独评估。此外，营养素摄入量的高度可变性意味着，如果摄入量是有效的，则需要长时间的饮食记录才能正确地对儿童进行排名，以便进行分布分析。未来的研究应侧重于完善饮食调查方法，使其对不同年龄和认知能力更敏感。还应优先发展改进的误报技术，并调查食品的差别报告问题。
When children and adolescents are the target population in dietary surveys many different respondent and observer considerations surface. The cognitive abilities required to self-report food intake include an adequately developed concept of time, a good memory and attention span, and a knowledge of the names of foods. From the age of 8 years there is a rapid increase in the ability of children to self-report food intake. However, while cognitive abilities should be fully developed by adolescence, issues of motivation and body image may hinder willingness to report. Ten validation studies of energy intake data have demonstrated that mis-reporting, usually in the direction of under-reporting, is likely. Patterns of under-reporting vary with age, and are influenced by weight status and the dietary survey method used. Furthermore, evidence for the existence of subject-specific responding in dietary assessment challenges the assumption that repeated measurements of dietary intake will eventually obtain valid data. Unfortunately, the ability to detect mis-reporters, by comparison with presumed energy requirements, is limited unless detailed activity information is available to allow the energy intake of each subject to be evaluated individually. In addition, high variability in nutrient intakes implies that, if intakes are valid, prolonged dietary recording will be required to rank children correctly for distribution analysis. Future research should focus on refining dietary survey methods to make them more sensitive to different ages and cognitive abilities. The development of improved techniques for identification of mis-reporters and investigation of the issue of differential reporting of foods should also be given priority.